Types of Synovial Joints and Naming Motions Flashcards
What is structural classification of joints?
based on material binding the bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present.
What are the 3 structural classification of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What is functional classification of joints?
based on the amount of movement allowed by the joint.
What are the three functional classes of joints?
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
Synarthroses
Immovable
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable
Diarthroses
Freely movable
- Fibrous
- Occurs between the bones of the skull
- Comprised of interlocking junctions filled with thick and short dense irregular CT
- Binds bones tightly together, but allows for growth during youth.
- In middle age, many skull bones are fused and joints now called synostoses (without movement of bone)
Suture Joint
- Fibrous
- Bones are connected by a fibrous tissue ligament (dense regular CT)
- Movement is slight to moderate (amphiarthrosis), dependent upon fiber length.
- Ex: connection between the tibia and fibula and the radius and ulna.
Syndesmosis
- Fibrous
- only 1 - the in-peg socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its alveolar socket (synarthrosis)
- The dense regular CT fibrous connection is referred to as the peiodontal ligament.
Gomphosis
- Articulating bones are united by cartilage
- There is no joint cavity, just a wedge.
- Two types - synchondroses and symphyses
Cartilaginous Joints
- A bar of plates of hylaiine cartilage unites the bones
- All synchondroses are synarthrotic joints.
- Ex include: epiphyseal plates of children and adolescents; joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum
Synchondrosis
- Hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bone and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage.
- Slightly moveable (amphiarthrotic) joints designed for strength and flexibility.
- Ex: Intervertebral joints and the pubic symphysis of pelvis
Symphysis
- Joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity.
- All are freely moveable (diarthroses)
- Ex: all limb joints, and most other joints of the body
Synovial
All of these types of Joints have the following General Structure
- Articular cartilage (hyaline) at end of bone
- Joint (synovial) cavity = small potential space
- Articular capsule; outer fibrous capsule of dense irregular CT, inner “synovial membrane” of loose connective CT, plus serous membrane.
- Synovial Fluid
- Reinforcing Ligaments
- Nerves and Blood Vessels
Synovial Joints
All of these types of Joints have these Associated Structures
- Fat pads
- Fibrocartilage discs.
- Friction-Reducing Structures: Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
Synovial Joints
Slipping or gliding movements only
Nonaxial
Movement in one plane/axis of motion
Uniaxial
Movement in two planes/axis of motion
Biaxial
Movement in/around all three planes
Multiaxial
One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface
Gliding Movements
Bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint
Flexion
Bending movement where increases angle of the joint
Extension
Movement beyond the normal range of motion
HyperExtension
