Typical Values

Question 1

What is a typical VC?

Answer 1

4.8L

Question 2

What is a typical Vt?

Answer 2

0.5L

Question 3

What is a typical IRV?

Answer 3

3.1L

Question 4

What is a typical ERV?

Answer 4

1.2L

Question 5

What is a typical IC?

Answer 5

3.6L

Question 6

What is a typical FRC?

Answer 6

2.4L

Question 7

What is a typical RV?

Answer 7

1.2L

Question 8

What is a typical TLC?

Answer 8

6.0L

Question 9

Typical airway resistance?

Answer 9

1.2 cm H2O/L/sec

Question 10

Typical airway conductance? (G-aw)

Answer 10

0.4-1.6

Question 11

Esophageal balloon placement from nose to tip of the balloon in cm?

Answer 11

50 cm

Question 12

What is the amount of air added to the balloon of an esophageal balloon?

Answer 12

0.5 ml

Question 13

Unimportant: Just take a look at them. Don’t worry if you miss these

What is normal…

Static lung compliance?

Coefficient of retraction?

Maximum static recoil pressure?

Answer 13

Static lung compliance 0.2

Coefficient of retraction 4-8

Maximum static recoil pressure 25-35

Question 14

Typical MIP?

Answer 14

-60 cm H2O

Question 15

Typical MEP?

Answer 15

80-100

Question 16

Typical DLCO?

Answer 16

25 mLCO/min/mmHg STPD

Question 17

What is the CO concentration % for the DLCO-SS? is it invasive? Why?

Answer 17

0.1%-0.2%.

The test is invasive because it requires an ABG.

Question 18

A-a Gradient:

What is normal?

What range is considered VQ mismatch?

Above what is considered a shunt?

Answer 18

Normal is up to 100

Above 100 is a VQ mismatch

Above 300 is a shunt

Question 19

What is a normal CaO2? (Arterial oxygen content)

Answer 19

17-20%

Question 20

What is a normal CvO2? (Mixed venous oxygen content)

Answer 20

14%

“Low teens”. Range is below 15.

Question 21

What is a normal C(a - v)O2? (Arterial-venous oxygen content difference)

Answer 21

4-5%

Question 22

What is normal Qt? (Cardiac output)

Answer 22

4-8 L/min

Question 23

What is normal Qs/Qt? (Shunt equation)

How can you estimate it?

Answer 23

3-5%

*page D-19

To simplify:

Start with 5%. Increase by another 5% for every 100 torr of (A-a) gradient.

For example, start with 5%. If a patient has an A-a of 200, that’s 10%. Add both and the total shunt is 15%.

Question 24

What is normal Hb (hemoglobin) and Hct (hematocrit)?

Answer 24

Normal Hb is 12-16%

Normal Hct is 3 times the given Hb.

Question 25

What is normal Vd/Vt? (Deadspace to tidal volume ratio)

Answer 25

20-40%

Question 26

40 50 60 Rule: What is the usual difference between PaO2 and SaO2?

Answer 26

The difference between PaO2 and SaO2 is 30. A PaO2 of 40 will have an SaO2 of 70% A PaO2 of 50 will have an SaO2 of 80% A PaO2 of 60 will have an SaO2 of 90%

Question 27

What is normal PCO2 range? What is normal PO2 range? What is normal pH range?

Answer 27

Normal PCO2 range is 35-45 Normal PO2 range is 80-100 Normal pH is 7.35 - 7.45

Question 28

If a PaO2 is > 140, what does this indicate?

Answer 28

The patient is on supplemental oxygen. Bonus: it could also be due to a bubble in the sample or a technical error.

Question 29

What is a normal P50? (not important) If the value is greater than normal this is a (right/left) shift?

Answer 29

27 Greater than 27 is a right shift. Lower than 27 is a left shift.

Question 30

What is a normal COHb? What is a normal COHb for a smoker?

Answer 30

Normal COHb is 0-2% Normal COHb for a smoker is 5-10%

Question 31

What is normal PaCO2? Normal PETCO2? Normal PETCO2 expressed as a percent?

Answer 31

What is normal PaCO2? 40 Normal PETCO2? 30 Normal PETCO2 expressed as a percent? 3-5%

Question 32

What is a normal MET? (metabolic equivalent)

Answer 32

1 MET = 3.5 ml O2/min/kg

Question 33

How many minutes will workload increase using the "Bruce Protocol"?

Answer 33

3 minutes

Question 34

What is the normal Borg scale? from 1 to ___ What is the modified Borg scale? from 1 to ___

Answer 34

Normal Borg scale is 1-20 Modified Borg scale is 1-10

Question 35

On a rhythm strip, QRS complexes between ___ and ___ large boxes indicate a normal heart rate (60-100)

Answer 35

3-5 large boxes indicate a normal heart rate, between 60-00 bpm.

Question 36

What is normal Ve? How can you calculate maximum Ve using an FEV1?

Answer 36

5-10 L/min FEV1 x 35 is considered a patient's maximum Ve for stress testing.

Question 37

What is normal oxygen consumption (VO2)?

Answer 37

250ml - 4000ml Note: VO2 is the best indicator of workload performed. For example, a patient with poor fitness is going to have a higher VO2 than a fit patient with the same level of work performed.

Question 38

What is normal CO2 production (VCO2)?

Answer 38

200ml - 4000ml Notice it starts a little lower than VO2, but can equal VO2 when workload are high.

Question 39

What is a normal respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?

Answer 39

0.8 at rest This value can increase to 1 (you'd stop testing if you hit 1) as workload increases. To find RER... VCO2 _____ VO2

Question 40

What is a normal ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (Ve/VO2)?

Answer 40

20-30 at rest. The value will increase as workload increases. Ve ___ VO2

Question 41

What is a normal ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (Ve/VCO2)?

Answer 41

25-35 Just a little higher than ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (Ve/VO2)

Question 42

What is O2 pulse and what is its normal value?

Answer 42

O2 pulse is the amount of O2 consumed per heartbeat. Normal is 2.5 - 4.0 ml per hearbeat at rest A low O2 pulse that does not increase with increasing heart rate indicates cardiac disease. IMPORTANT: If a patient's heart rate increases but O2 consumption cannot increase, O2 pulse will fall.

Question 43

During exercise testing, what is a normal A-a gradient at rest?

Answer 43

10-20 on room air. Less than 100 is normal on 100% fio2.

Question 44

Cardiac Index is typically ___ of cardiac output

Answer 44

Half.

Question 45

What is normal systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in dynes?

Answer 45

1600