U1: Exploration and Colonization

Question 1

Colonial Period

Answer 1

Defines the time of American history BEFORE 1776

Question 2

Colonization

Answer 2

Settling a new area for the purpose of religious freedom, economic gain, or political power

Question 3

Columbian Exchange

Answer 3

Exchange of resources and goods between Europe and North America after 1492

Question 4

Economic Gain

Answer 4

Colonization for the purpose of wealth creation

Question 5

England

Answer 5

Country that claimed most of the Atlantic coast of North America

Question 6

Exploration

Answer 6

The act of seeking and claiming new lands for economic, political, and social gain

Question 7

France

Answer 7

Country that operated fur-trading outposts in areas northwest of the Appalachian Mountains

Question 8

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Answer 8

Governing agreement between three towns written in 1639 to protect individual rights

Question 9

House of Burgesses

Answer 9

Representative assembly established in the colony of Virginia

Question 10

Individual Rights

Answer 10

Freedoms given to people as individuals not to be taken by government

Question 11

Jamestown

Answer 11

First English colony settled in 1607 for the purpose of economic reasons

Question 12

Magna Carta

Answer 12

The king of England’s protection for individual rights and approved taxation

Question 13

Mayflower Compact

Answer 13

Self-governing agreement reached by the Pilgrims at Cape Cod in 1620

Question 14

Plantations

Answer 14

Large farming operations primarily located in the southern colonies

Question 15

Political Competition

Answer 15

Power motive for colonization to claim resources and land for a mother country

Question 16

Religious Freedom

Answer 16

Ability to choose and follow one’s spiritual beliefs

Question 17

Representative Government

Answer 17

System of government based on the public election of lawmaking officials

Question 18

Self-Government

Answer 18

Government control by those who are most immediately affected and influenced

Question 19

Social Contract

Answer 19

A community agreement for self governance that establishes a particular societal structure

Question 20

Spain

Answer 20

Country that sent explorers to claim land south and west of the Mississippi River for gold, ranching and farming

Question 21

Transatlantic Slave Trade

Answer 21

Operation that captured and sold people from Africa to work on colonial plantations

Question 22

Mercantilism

Answer 22

economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth, primarily gold and silver, to enhance a nation’s power. It advocates for a positive balance of trade, where exports exceed imports.

Question 23

Columbian Exchange

Answer 23

the widespread exchange of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) following Christopher Columbus’s voyages in the late 15th century

Question 24

Middle Passage

Answer 24

the sea route taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas, infamous for the inhumane conditions endured by enslaved Africans during transport.

Question 25

Economic Venture

Answer 25

a business activity or enterprise that involves risk in order to earn profit, often associated with exploration and colonization efforts.

Question 26

Agriculture

Answer 26

the practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.

Question 27

Legislative Assembly

Answer 27

a deliberative body of government that is responsible for making laws and policies, often reflecting the interests of the electorate.

Question 28

Salutary Neglect

Answer 28

an unofficial policy of non-enforcement of trade regulations in the American colonies by the British government during the early 18th century, which allowed for greater economic independence and growth in the colonies.

Question 29

Puritan

Answer 29

A member of a group of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted to reform the Church of England by eliminating practices they viewed as corrupt.

Question 30

Joint-stock Company

Answer 30

companies formed to spread the risks and the rewards of enterprises in the newly discovered lands in the west

Question 31

William Penn

Answer 31

Quaker, founder of PENNsylvania in 1682, supported religious tolerance

Question 32

Pilgrims

Answer 32

English Separatists who had sough religious freedom in Plymouth on the Mayflower. Established Plymouth.

Question 33

Roger Williams

Answer 33

A dissenter who clashed with Massachusetts Bay Puritants; supported separation of church and state; founder of Rhode Island; granted full religious freedom to all who lived there.

Question 34

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 34

dissenter in Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community; exiled from MCB, one of founders of Rhode Island

Question 35

Dissent

Answer 35

The expression or holding of opinions that differ from those previously, commonly, or officially held, often relating to religious or political beliefs.

Question 36

John Winthrop

Answer 36

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, formed colony's government and legislative policy.