U1.1 - Intro to Para (Bio Relationships, Hosts, Parasites) Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
relationship between 2 unlike organisms
A
symbiosis
2
Q
the members of the symbiotic relationship
A
symbiont/ symbiote
3
Q
4 symbiotic relationships
A
mutualism
commensalism
phoretic relationship
parasitism
4
Q
symbiotic relationship where both benefit
A
mutualism
5
Q
symbiotic relationship where one benefits and one is not affected/ unharmed
A
commensalism
6
Q
symbiotic relationship that involves “phoresis”
A
phoretic relationship
7
Q
means “to carry”
A
phoresis
8
Q
symbiotic relationship where the organism is carried and nothing else happens
A
phoretic relationship
9
Q
organism being carried
A
phoront
10
Q
T/F:
In a phoretic relationship, there is a physiologic interaction between the host and the phoront.
A
False;
no physiologic interaction
11
Q
symbiotic relationship where one benefits, and one is harmed
A
parasitism
12
Q
in parasitism, what do you call the one that benefits and the one that is harmed
A
parasite: benefits
host: harmed
13
Q
determine the symbiotic relationship:
termites and flagellates
A
mutualism
14
Q
determine the symbiotic relationship:
entamoeba coli in the intestinal lumen
A
commensalism
15
Q
determine the symbiotic relationship:
cockroaches carrying Ascaris eggs
A
phoretic relationship
16
Q
determine the symbiotic relationship:
Entamoeba histolytica in humans
A
parasitism
17
Q
an area of biology that deals with the dependence of one organism on another
A
parasitology
18
Q
study of parasites, its hosts, and their relationships
A
parasitology
19
Q
characteristics of parasitic diseases
A
- prevalence in developing countries
- low mortality and morbidity
- limited drug development
- no current vaccines
20
Q
species which harbors the parasite
A
host
21
Q
T/F:
The host always show harmful effects
A
False;
may show no harmful effects
may also suffer from the pathogenic effects of the parasite
22
Q
also known as definitive host
A
final host
23
Q
host that harbors the mature form of the parasite
A
final/ definitive host
24
Q
T/F:
sexual reproduction and maturity take place in final host
A
True
25
host that harbors immature/ larval form of the parasite
intermediate host
26
T/F:
Asexual reproduction takes place in intermediate host
True
27
host responsible for transmission
vector
28
type of vector where there is morphologic change or transformation of parasite before transmission to another host
biologic vector
29
In the biologic vector, parasite is always __________ (inside or outside).
inside
30
Identify the type of host:
lower animals, vegetation, insects, sometimes humans (in Plasmodium infections)
intermediate host
31
Identify the type of host:
aedes
mosquitoes
tsetse
fly
ticks
biologic vector
32
type of vector where no morphologic change occurs
mechanical/ phoretic vector
33
In the mechanical/ phoretic vector, parasite is always __________ (inside or outside).
outside
34
Identify the type of host:
cockroaches and flies
mechanical/ phoretic vector
35
type of host that harbors a parasite that usually does not infect it
accidental host
36
Identify the type of host:
man infected with Toxocara canis
accidental host
37
also known as transfer host
paratenic host
38
type of host that harbors parasites that do not develop to further stages
paratenic/ transfer host
39
T/F:
Paratenic/ transfer host only transfers from one host to another
True
40
type of host that widens parasite distribution and bridges ecological gap between definitive and intermediate hosts
paratenic/ transfer host
41
Identify the type of host:
boars for Paragonimus westermani
paratenic/ transfer host
42
also known as incidental host
dead-end host
43
type of host that does not anymore allow the life cycle of the parasite to continue
dead-end/ incidental host
44
Identify the type of host:
humans for Trichinella spiralis
dead-end/ incidental host
45
type of host other than the parasite's usual hosts that allows the life cycle to continue
reservoir host
46
animals that can continue the life cycle even in absence of humans
reservoir host
47
T/F:
Reservoir host becomes additional sources of human infection.
True
48
Identify the type of host:
pigs for Balantidum coli
field rats for Paragonimus westermani
beavers for Giardia lamblia
cats for Brugia malayi
reservoir host
49
concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities
medical parasitology
50
7 types of hosts
1. final/ definitive
2. intermediate
3. vectors
4. accidental
5. paratenic/ transfer
6. dead-end/ incidental
7. reservoir
51
3 types of parasites according to relationship to host
1. obligate
2. facultative
3. commensal
52
7 types of parasites according to habitat
1. ectoparasite
2. endoparasite
3. erratic parasite
4. accidental/ incidental parasite
5. spurious parasite
6. temporary parasite
7. permanent parasite
53
3 types of parasites according to egg-laying capacity
1. oviparous
2. ovoviviparous
3. larviparous
54
3 types of parasites according to sexes
1. monoecious
2. dioecious
3. parthenogenetic
55
type of parasite that always requires a host to survive
obligate parasite
56
T/F:
most parasites are obligate
True
57
Identify the type of parasite according to pathogenicity/ dependency:
Ascaris
Hookworms
Trichuris
Tapeworms
obligate parasite
58
type of parasite that has a free-living and parasitic phase
facultative parasite
59
a phase found in the environment
free-living phase
60
T/F:
When conditions are unfavorable, facultative parasites' enter the parasitic phase after free-living phase
True
61
type of parasite that is non-pathogenic
commensal
62
type of parasite that does not cause disease
commensal
63
Identify the type of parasite according to pathogenicity/ dependency:
threadworms
facultative parasite
64
Identify the type of parasite according to pathogenicity/ dependency:
Entamoeba coli
commensal
65
type of parasite that lives outside the host
ectoparasite
66
presence of an ectoparasite in a host
infestation
67
Identify the type of parasite according to habitat:
ticks
lice
fleas
ectoparasite
68
type of parasite that lives inside the host
endoparasite
69
presence of an endoparasite in a host
infection
70
T/F:
Most parasites are ectoparasites.
False;
endoparasites
71
type of parasite that is not living in its natural habitat
erratic parasite
72
Identify the type of parasite according to habitat:
Ascaris (when it is not in the small intestine)
erratic parasite
73
also known as incidental parasite
accidental parasite
74
type of parasite that does not live in its usual host
accidental/ incidental parasite
75
type of parasite/ free-living organism that passes through the GI tract without infecting the host
spurious parasite
76
type of parasite that is transient
temporary parasite
77
type of parasite that remains on host for its entire life
permanent parasite
78
type of parasite that lays immature eggs
oviparous parasite
79
Identify the type of parasite according to egg-laying capacity:
Ascaris
Trichuris
oviparous parasite
80
eggs that are not yet embryonated/ have no larva yet
immature eggs
81
Identify the type of parasite according to egg-laying capacity:
Schistosoma
Clonorchis
ovoviviparous parasite
82
type of parasite that lays mature eggs
ovoviviparous parasite
83
eggs that are embryonated, larva present
mature eggs
84
type of parasite that is larva-laying
larviparous parasite
85
Identify the type of parasite according to egg-laying capacity:
Trichinella
larviparous parasite
86
type of parasite that is also known as Hermaphrodites
monoecious parasite
87
type of parasite where both testes and ovaries are found
monoecious parasite
88
Identify the type of parasite according to sexes:
flukes
tapeworms
monoecious parasite
89
type of parasite where separate sexes are present
dioecious parasite
90
type of parasite according to sexes (male and female)
dioecious parasite
91
Identify the type of parasite according to sexes:
nematodes (except Strongyloides)
dioecious parasite
92
type of parasite: females capable of self-fertilization
parthenogenetic parasite
93
Identify the type of parasite according to sexes:
Strongyloides stercoralis
parthenogenetic parasite
94
3 stages for helminthes
adult
larva
egg/ ovum
95
stage of helminth in mature form
adult
96
stage of helminth in immature form
larva
97
stages included in the larval stage of helminthes
L1-L3
98
stage of helminth in nonmotile form
egg/ ovum
99
resistant stages of helminth
egg/ ovum
100
stage of helminth:
Infective stage (for most parasites): stage that once ingested, infects the host
egg/ ovum
101
2 stages for protozoans
trophozoite
cyst
102
stage of protozoan in motile/ vegetative stage
trophozoite
103
stage of protozoan in nonmotile, usually the infective stage
cyst
104
diseases associated with mosquitoes
* Malaria
* Filariasis
105
diseases associated with flies
* Leishmaniasis
* African trypanosomiasis
* Onchocercosis
* Loiasis
106
disease associated with ticks
Babesiosis
107
disease associated with Bug (Reduviid)
Chagas’ Disease
108
most common mode of transmission
oral (food and water)
109
refers to burden of infection which is related to the number of worms per infected person
Intensity of Infection/ Worm Burden
110
