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VCE English Language > U1AOS2 - Metalanguage II > Flashcards

U1AOS2 - Metalanguage II Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

prosodic features

A 
volume
pitch
tempo
stress
intonation
*combine pitch and volume
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2
Q

volume

A

the loudness which speech is spoken

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3
Q

pitch

A

the frequency of someone’s voice (high, medium or low)

relative and depends on the individual speaker

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4
Q

tempo

A

the speed at which the sound is produced

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5
Q

stress

A

refers to the syllables that have greater pronunciation in a word or phrase

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6
Q

intonation

A

the way pitch and volume change over a string of words (rising or falling usually)

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7
Q

patterning

A

alliteration
assonance
onomatopeia

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8
Q

alliteration

A

the occurence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the adjacent or closely connected words (consonant)

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9
Q

assonance

A

when a series of words all start with the same vowel

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10
Q

vocal effects

A

coughs
laughter
breath (can be used to make an impact or emphasise a point)

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11
Q

lexical meaning

A

connotations

denotation

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12
Q

connotations

A

emotional and imaginative association of a word being used
go above and beyond literal meaning
can be positive or negative depending on the context

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13
Q

denotation

A

the literal meaning of a word

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14
Q

semantic patterning

A 
L.I.P.P.O.M.A.S
lexical ambiguity
irony
pun
personification
oxymoron
metaphor
animation
simile
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15
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

when it isn’t possible to determine the meaning of a lexeme

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16
Q

irony

A

when a speaker states one thing for an opposing or contradictory meaning to create humor

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17
Q

pun

A

a play on the meaning of words

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18
Q

personification

A

gives human qualities to non human things

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19
Q

oxymoron

A

combines two contradictory words for special effect

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20
Q

metaphor

A

a figure of speech in which one thing is said to be another

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21
Q

animation

A

a type of metaphor giving life or movement to inanimate delusions

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22
Q

simile

A

an expression comparing two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’

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23
Q

features of spoken discourse

A 
opening
closing
adjacency pairs
overlapping speech
interrogative tag
discourse particles
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24
Q

opening

A

beginning of conversations e.g. hello

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25
closing
at the end of a conversation -> the opposite of opening
26
adjacency pairs
two related functionally turns made by the speakers | e.g. invitation ... acceptance (or rejection)
27
overlapping speech
where two or more conversational participants simultaneously talk
28
interrogative tags
also known as a question tag usually create a yes or no question at the end of a statement e.g. isn't it?
29
discourse particles
a part of speech which doesn't add semantic meaning but allows us to signal our reactions, emotions and tensions e.g. 'well' or 'like'
30
spoken discourse management strategies
``` topic management taking the floor holding the floor passing the floor - often managed with intonation ```
31
topic management
how participants in a conversation decide what to talk about | the person leading the conversation may be influential in picking the topic than others
32
taking the floor
where a participant starts speaking in place of another and begins their 'turn' reflects register purpose and context
33
holding the floor
where a participant continues speaking to prevent another speaker from taking the floor
34
passing the floor
the moment a participant invites another to speak and take the floor
35
non fluency features
``` repair false start pause pause filler repetition ```
36
repair
when a speaker repairs an error
37
false start
when a speaker has already started an utterance but changes their mind/hesitates about what they want to say
38
pause
a break in spoken tests where a speaker breaks and takes time to think
39
pause filler
lexemes such as 'so' and 'err' used to indicate a speaker isn't finished aka a filled pause
40
repetition
use of the same lexeme or phrase more than once
41
Abbreviation
The shortened form of a word or phrase
42
Acronym
Technically needs to spell out another word
43
Affixation
The process of combining a root and an affix to create a new word
44
Backformation
Where speakers reinterpret a simple root as a root plus affix and drop the 'affix' to create a new rod
45
Blending
Where parts of two independent words are combined and used as one word
46
Borrowing
Acquiring new words or grammar from another language
47
Conversion
Creating a new word belonging to a different part of speech (no affixation)
48
Compounding
Creating a word by combining two or more free morphemes
49
Commonisation
Where a brand name or other proper noun becomes a common name
50
Shortening
Creating a new word by shortening a long word
51
Neolism / Coinage
The creation of a new word or expression to fill a gap
52
Archaism
A word or phrase considered outdated/old-fashioned
53
Broadening
When a word with specific or limited meaning is widened
54
Changing Connotation
The feelings or ideas associated with a word changing
55
Contraction
A shortened version of words or a word group
56
Denotation
A specific 'dictionary' meaning of a word
57
Elevation
When a word gains positive connotations or less negative ones
58
Initialism
An abbreviation consisting of letters pronounced seperately
59
Narrowing
When a word becomes less inclusive than its previous meaning
60
Shift
The modern usage of a word being very different than its previous meaning
61
Word Loss
A word is lost from the common lanuguage
62
Structure of body paragraphs
``` T / Topic sentence E / Expand on ts. & introduce evidence E / Evidence E / Explain relevance L / Link back to topic sentence ```
63
Structure of introduction
Introduce topic and link into the main points of the essay
64
Structure of conclusion
``` Conclusion word (e.g. ultimately) Link back to main points expanded with main ideas in each paragraph Summary sentence / opinion ```
65
collocations
a pair or group of words that are habitually juxtaposed through their use. strong tea or heavy drinker
66
idiom
a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words e.g. over the moon

VCE English Language (5 decks)

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