U2 - Geosphere

Question 1

A renewable resource

Answer 1

A resource that can be used continuously - it is always available.
E.g. Wind and solar energy

Question 2

A non-renewable resource

Answer 2

A resource that is finite - only so much available, it will eventually run out.
E.g. - coal, oil and gas

Question 3

weathering

Answer 3

exposure and breaking down of rocks

Question 4

transportation

Answer 4

movement of rock fragments by water, wind, ice or gravity

Question 5

erosion

Answer 5

breakdown of rocks into small pieces or sediments

Question 6

deposition

Answer 6

the settling down of rock fragments

Question 7

igneous rock

Answer 7

rock that forms from melting and cooling of rock. (magma cooling above or below surface)

Question 8

What is an example of an Igneous Rock ?

Answer 8

Granite and Basalt

Question 9

sedimentary rock

Answer 9

rock formed by sediment/rock fragments that have been deposited and compacted

Question 10

What is an example of a Sedimentary Rock ?

Answer 10

Limestone and Sandstone

Question 11

metamorphic rock

Answer 11

rock formed by heat and pressure

Question 12

What is an example of Metamorphic Rocks ?

Answer 12

Slate and Marble

Question 13

rock definition

Answer 13

a solid mass made of one or more mineral (e.g. granite)

Question 14

mineral definition

Answer 14

a particular chemical compound - formed by the rock cycle (e.g. quartz)

Question 15

ore

Answer 15

solid material, a mixture of rock and valuable mineral particles

Question 16

porosity

Answer 16

how much water or air can be stored in a rock (lots of holes inside - e.g. pumus stone)

Question 17

permeability

Answer 17

a measure of how much water can pass through a rock

Question 18

where is limestone formed?

Answer 18

tropical sea beds

Question 19

how is limestone removed from ground?

Answer 19

quarrying

Question 20

how is limestone processed for use by humans?

Answer 20

cut and crushed

Question 21

What is limestone used for?

Answer 21

Cement, glass, mortar, lime for agriculture, making steel

Question 22

How is iron formed?

Answer 22

Formed in sea water when oxygen (produced from plants) reacts with dissolved iron. This forms iron oxide.

Question 23

How is iron extracted?

Answer 23

Open-cast mining

Question 24

How is iron processed?

Answer 24

blast furnace - blasts of hot air (2000 degrees C), limestone and coke are added to remove impurities

Question 25

Uses of iron

Answer 25

steel, reinforced concrete, cast iron products.

Question 26

Environmental problems of iron extractrion?

Answer 26

Habitat destruction or water pollution from mines

Question 27

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 27

Crude oil is formed from the remains of small animals and plants that died and fell to the seafloor millions of years ago; compression and heating of these remains within the Earth’s crust forms oil

Question 28

How is crude oil extracted?

Answer 28

Oil drilling (on land and at sea on oil rigs)

Question 29

How is crude oil processed into a final product?

Answer 29

Fractional distillation separates the mixture of liquids. | Each liquid has a different boiling point and evaporates at a different temperature.

Question 30

Uses of fuels

Answer 30

Electricity production, diesel, petrol, tar (roads), cosemtics, medicines

Question 31

Environmental impact of crude oil

Answer 31

Oil spills, high carbon dioxide emissions (Climate Change)