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MT6317 CLIN CHEM 1 > U2 LEC: SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING > Flashcards

U2 LEC: SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Blood Samples

A
  • Arterial
  • Venous
  • Capillary
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2
Q

Types of Samples for CC

A
  • Blood
  • Urine
  • CSF
  • Paracentesis fluids
  • Amniotic fluid
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3
Q

This is an ultra filtrate of plasma.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

This refers to the general term for body cavity fluids.

A

Paracentesis fluids

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5
Q

Paracentesis fluids include?

A
  • pleural (lungs)
  • pericardial (heart)
  • peritoneal (abdominal)
  • synovial fluid (joint)
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6
Q

This is used for Amniocentesis.

A

amniotic fluid

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7
Q

This is present inside the placenta, and is checked for Fetal Lung Maturity and Hemolytic disease.

A

amniotic fluid

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8
Q

What should be checked before and after centrifugation?

A

Color

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9
Q

1.0mL and above

A

Macro method

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10
Q

0.1 to 0.9mL

A

Micro method

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11
Q

0.01 to 0.09mL

A

Ultramicro method

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12
Q

0.001 to 0.009mL

A

Nanoliter method

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13
Q

Collection method for purplish venous blood

A

Venipuncture

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14
Q

Collection method for bright red arterial bood

A

Arterial puncture

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15
Q

Arterial blood is used for?

A

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test and pH

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16
Q

Artery of choice for Arterial puncture?

A

Radial artery

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17
Q

This is usually contaminated with tissue juices.

A

Skin puncture

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18
Q

Skin puncture is a method of choice for?

A
  • pediatric and geriatric patients’
  • extremely obese adults
  • severe burn
  • thrombotic tendencies
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19
Q

In what finger is capillary puncture done in adults?

A

Ring or middle, lateral

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20
Q

Endothelium

A

Tunica intima

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21
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Tunica media

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22
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tunica adventitia

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23
Q

This refers to the plasma and cellular components, mixed with anticoagulant.

A

Whole Blood

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24
Q

Whole blood requires what following blood collection?

A

immediate mixing

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25
This is the clear supernatant on top upon settling of whole blood.
Plasma
26
Liquid portion of unclotted blood
Plasma
27
Liquid portion of clotted blood
Serum
28
T/F: Plasma is clearer than serum.
False Serum is clearer than plasma
29
T/F: Plasma has a shortened TAT.
True No need to clot
30
Serum requires what, and how many minutes before centrifugation?
complete clotting, 30 minutes
31
Serum is the only liquid portion that undergoes?
rimming
32
Why is serum lighter than plasma?
Decreased fibrinogen
33
Type of blood in EDTA
Whole Blood
34
Centrifugation must be done for
1000 to 2000g for 10 minutes
35
Alternative centrifugation speed and time
2200 to 2500rpm for 15 minutes
36
T/F: You should not mix specimens in red tube top even with clot activators.
False Pwede i mix basta may clot activators, and also not vigorously
37
Sepration of serum and RBCs must be ASAP because serum results would be?
False increase (↑) Inclusions of RBCs will seep out, masasama sa serum
38
Gel in yellow tube top
Thixotropic gel
39
Veins in the Antecubital fossa
- Median cubital - Cephalic - Basilic
40
Other veins for Venipuncture sites
- Brachial vein - Femoral vein - Radial vein - Ankle veins - Veins of the dorsal hand
41
Inappropriate venipuncture site Involves breast removal and lymphedema
Arm on the side of mastectomy
42
Inappropriate venipuncture site Areas with fluid accumulation
Edematous areas
43
Inappropriate venipuncture site This refers to clots of saturated or concentrated blood in superficial skin
Hematomas
44
Inappropriate venipuncture site
- Arm in which blood is being transfused - Scarred area - Arms with fistulas or vascular grafts - Sites above an IV cannule
45
Inappropriate venipuncture site Instructions for blood collection in IV site
- Turn off IV for 2 minutes - Apply tourniquet below IV site - Collect 5mL then discard first to avoid contamination - Catch method (using tube or aspirate using syringe)
46
Red (glass)
- No ac, MOA - Serum for Serology, CC
47
Red (plastic)
- Clot activator - Serum for Serology, CC - Silica clot activator
48
Lavender (glass)
- K3EDTA, liquid - Whole blood for Hematology - Chelates/binds calcium
49
Lavender (plastic)
- K2EDTA, spray dried - Whole blood for Hematology - Chelates/binds calcium
50
Pink
- K2EDTA, Spray dried - Whole blood for Hematology, Molecular Diagnostics - Chelates/binds calcium
51
White
- EDTA and gel - Plasma for Molecular Diagnostics - Chelates/binds calcium
52
Light blue
- Sodium citrate - Plasma for Coagulation - Chelates/binds calcium
53
Light blue
- Thrombin and soybean trypsin inhibitor - Plasma for Coagulation - Fibrin degradation products
54
Black
- Sodium citrate - Plasma for ESR, Hematology - Chelates/binds calcium
55
Light green / black
- Lithium heparin and gel - Plasma for chemistry - Inhibits thrombin formation
56
Green
- Lithium heparin, sodium heparin - Plasma for chemistry - Inhibits thrombin formation
57
Royal blue
- Sodium heparin, K2EDTA - Plasma for chemistry and toxicology - Inhibits thrombin formation, Binds calcium
58
Gray
- Sodium fluoride, Potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) - Plasma for glucose testing - Inhibits glycolysis
59
Yellow
- Sodium polyanetholsulfate - Serum for microbiology culture - Aids in bacterial recovery by inhibiting complement, phagocytes, and certain antibiotics
60
Yellow
- Acid citrate dextrose - Plasma for blood banking, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), phenotyping, paternity testing - WBC preservative
61
Tan (glass)
- Sodium heparin - Plasma for lead testing - Inhibits thrombin formation
62
Tan (plastic)
- K2EDTA - Plasma for lead testing - Chelates/binds calcium
63
Yellow, gray, and orange
- Thrombin - Serum for chemistry - Clot activator
64
Red, gray and gold
- Clot activator separation gel - Serum for chemistry - Silica clot activator
65
Incorrect anticoagulant EDTA
- ALP, Creatinine, Leucine aminopeptidase, Calcium and Iron: Decrease ↓ - PT and PTT: Increase ↑ - Platelet aggregation: prevent
66
Incorrect anticoagulant Oxalate
- Acid phosphatase, ALP, Amylase, LD, Calcium: Decrease ↓ - Sodium and potassium: Increase ↑ - Cell morphology: Distorted
67
Citrate
- ALT, AST, ALP, Amylase, Calcium: Decrease ↓ - Acid phosphatase, Sodium and potassium: Increase ↑ - Labile coagulation factors: Preserved
68
Heparin
- Triiodothryonine, Thyroxine, PT and PTT, Lithium (LiHep), Sodium (NaHep): Increase ↑ - Wright's stain = blue background
69
Fluorides
- Acid phosphatase, ALP, Amylase, CK, ALT, AST = Decrease ↓ - Cell morphology: Distorted
70
Tests done without tourniquet
- Ammonia
71
Troubleshooting Bevel on upper wall
increased angle
72
Troubleshooting Bevel on lower wall
atras
73
Troubleshooting Collapsed
Through & through (apply pressure)
74
Phases of Laboratory Testing
- Pre Analytical - Analytical - Post-Analytical
75
Under physiologic considerations
Patient preparation
76
Under specimen collection, transportation, preparation/processing, and storage
- Laboratory request - Entry to logbook
77
Physiological factors
- Diet - Medication or herbal supplements - Circadian rhythm - Patient posture
78
Patient preparation factors
- Fasting - 24 hour urine collection
79
Collection and sample processing factors
- Venipuncture technique - Tube selection - Tourniquet use - Specimen transport and storage
80
Higher in afternoon and evening
- Growth hormone (matulog ng hapon) - Acid phosphatase (boner sa umaga)
81
Peaks early in the morning
- Iron (plantsa ng uniform)
82
Decreased supine
- Calcium (gatas)
83
Lower at night
- ADH - Plasma renin - Aldosterone - Insulin
84
Higher with stress
- Cortisol - Prolactin
85
Higher with exercise
- Thyroxine
86
This involves any form of physical activity.
Exercise
87
What is increased and decreased in short term effects (one hour after) exercise?
- Lactic acid, fatty acids, alanine: Increase ↑ - Glucose: Decrease ↓
88
What is increased and decreased in long term effects of exercise?
- LDH, ALD, CK, AST: Increase ↑ LAKAS
89
This affects the liver.
Drugs/Alcohol
90
The liver is characterized by?
first-pass metabolism
91
Drugs
Hepatic microsomal enzyme release: Increase ↑
92
Alcohol
- Acetate, Acetaldehyde, Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): Increase ↑
93
Acute effects of Tobacco Smoking due to Nicotine
Plasma catecholamines (Epinephrine, Norepinephrine), Cortisol: Increase ↑
94
Chronic effects of Tobacco Smoking
WBC count, Carboxyhemoglobin, MCV: Increase ↑
95
What specific WBC is elevated in chronic effects of tobacco smoking?
Monocyte
96
Stress
Cortisol, adrenal hormones (catecholamines): Increase ↑
97
Stress leads to?
hyperventilation
98
This is the disturbance of acid-base balance, which affects ABG test.
hyperventilation
99
Age
- ALP, Albumin, Phosphorous, Cholesterol
100
Gender
Males: CK Females: Cholesterol
101
Posture
Albumin, cholesterol, aldosterone, Ca
102
Activity
LD, Lactic acid, Creatinine, CK, AST Decreased: Cholesterol, triglycerides
103
Race
Cholesterol, triglycerides
104
Require fasting
- FBS - Glucose tolerance test (GTT) - Triglycerides - Lipid panel - Gastrin - Insulin - Aldosterone/Renin
105
Anaerobic (require Ice slurry)
- Lactic acid - Ammonia - Blood gas Decrease in pH and po2
106
How to transfer serum/plasma?
Aliquot
107
Hemolysis is caused by?
Hemoglobin
108
Icterus is caused by?
Bilirubin
109
Lipemia is caused by?
fat
110
This is the result from prolonged tourniquet time?
Hemoconcentration
111
This is the self destruction of enzymes or Acid Phosphatase.
Enzymatic Degradation
112
Extracellular
Na, Cl
113
Intravascular
K, Mg
114
Enzymes
ACP, AST, LDH
115
This is the increased lipid concentration.
Lipolysis
116
Open system
- Syringe - ↑ pO2, ↑ pH, ↓ pCO2
117
Closed system
- ETS - ↓ pO2, ↓ pH, ↑ pCO2
118
Hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters cause changes in?
Changes in PO3-4 (Phosphate)
119
Under bacterial changes include the following:
- Glycolysis - Urea concentration: Decrease ↓ - NH3: Increase ↑
120
This is the rapid swelling at or near the venipuncture site due to blood leaking into the tissues.
Hematoma
121
This is anemia as a result of treatment, or frequent blood draws.
Iatrogenic anemia
122
This refers to the blind insertion of central venous catheter (CVC).
Inadvertent arterial puncture
123
Lactate dehydrogenase
16:1, 272.0
124
Aspartate aminotransferase
4:1, 220.0
125
Potassium
23:1, 24.4
126
Alanine aminotransferase
6.7:1, 55.0
127
Patient complications
- Allergy - Excessive Bleeding - Fainting/syncope - Nausea or vomiting - Pain - Petechiae - Seizures/convulsions
128
What specimen is protected from light?
Bilirubin
129
Storage of specimen
- Refrigeration at 4C for 8 hours - Freezing at 20C for longer periods
130
This refers to all lab tests related to crime or accident.
Forensic testing

MT6317 CLIN CHEM 1 (11 decks)

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