U3AOS2 Cell Communication Flashcards
(23 cards)
Metabolism
All chemical reactions that take place inside the cells - maintain growth and normal functioning
Anabolic
Simple -> Complex
Endergonic
Energy input (consumption)
Catabolic
Complex -> Simple
Exergonic
Energy output (release)
Activation Energy
Energy required to start a reaction
Biochemical Pathway
Chemical reactions, series of steps (e.g. photosynthesis)
Enzymes
Proteins, act as biological catalysts
Co-enzymes
Non-protein compounds, necessary for the functioning of a protein, ORGANIC
Co-factors
Substance, presence essential for activity of an enzyme, ORGANIC or INORGANIC
Catalyst
Accelerate chemical reactions.
Lock-and-key model
Model for enzyme-substrate interaction, the enzyme and the substrate have specific COMPLEMENTARY geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another
Induced fit model
Model for enzyme-substrate interaction, binding of a substrate or some other molecule to an enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme, ACTIVE SITE, so as to enhance or inhibit its activity
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
Loaded enzyme
“CHARGED”
Unloaded enzyme
“UNCHARGED”
Optimum temperature
Temperature that the enzyme works best at
Reduced temperature (ENZYMES)
Slows speed, drastic decrease = DORMANT
Dormant
No longer functioning enzyme
Increased temperature (ENZYMES)
Speeds up, drastic increase = DENATURATION
Competitive Inhibitor
- inhibitor binds to the active site
- inhibitor and substrate both fighting for active sight
Non-Competitive Inhibitor
- binds to an allosteric site, changing the shape of the active site.
- substrate cannot bind
