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History Revs > U4AOS2 INTERPETATIONS > Flashcards

U4AOS2 INTERPETATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Ryan

Yenan

A

“Mao and his comrades built a thriving community in this impoverished rural backwater”

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2
Q

What did Mao say about the ‘welfare of the people’

A

“We should convince the masses that we represent their interests” - ‘THE WELL-BEING OF THE MASSES’ (1934)

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3
Q

S

Agricultural Reform

A

“Peasants who killed with their bare hands were wedded to the new revolutionary order” (Short)

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4
Q

Fairbank

Three Bad Years Famine

A

“Mao-made catastrophe”

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5
Q

K + D

Cleansing of the Class ranks movement

A

“the most violent aspect of the Cultural Revolution” (Kraus)

“neighbours killing neighbours” (Dikotter)

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6
Q

M

CCP during WWII

A

“the CCP were struggling more vigorously and competently for nationalist goals than the GMD” (Moise)

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7
Q

Moise

Early years of CCP rule - Land Reform, 1st 5YP, Mass Campaigns

A

“The first few years of the new regime were guided by pragmatic considerations”

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8
Q

K + L + S

Motivations for the Cultural Revolution

A

“The politics of the Cultural Revolution were self-consciously theatrical” (Kraus)

CR was a quest by Mao to achieve ‘revolutionary immortality’. (Lifton)

CR’s orgins/aims are complex bc born from multiple of Mao’s paranoias simultaneously (Spence)

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9
Q

R
Outbreak of Cultural Revolution 1966

A

“a political storm of dizzying complexity” (Ryan)

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10
Q

Esherik

Mass campaigns

A

“The CCP brought order and discipline to their environment, and this was probably as important to many as was any sense of liberation”

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11
Q

Mao

Reasoning for selecting peasantry as the focus of the GLF

A

“The Ch ppl are, first of all, poor, and secondly blank”

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12
Q

CC delegate (name?)

Initial response of party cadres + political idealists to the GL of the GLF

A

“We are supernatural” - Xie Fuzhi

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13
Q

Peasant Zhao Tongmin

Initial enthusiasm for GLF

A

“so many ppl came together. Their discipline was marvellous. Everyone came to work on time and all joined in with a will”

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14
Q

R + F + C&H

Reasons for GLF

A

“Whatever the aims of the CCP leadership, many ordinary ppl was genuinely enthusiastic abt the PCs” (Ryan)

‘The state had become the ultimate landlord’. (Fairbank)

“with collectivisation came slave-driving” (Chang & Halliday)

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15
Q

Peng

Criticism of Mao’s ideological focus in GL of the GLF

A

“putting politics in command [M idea – ideology trumps all other considerations = change from mass line] is no substitute for econ principles, much less for econ measures”

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16
Q

F

Impact of atmosphere of fear around Mao at Lushan (July 1959)

A

“Peng had told the emp had X clothes… few besides Peng dared to contradict him” Feigon

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17
Q

Mao

Criticism of party cadres for inflating statistics + not telling him GL of GLF was not working

A

“If you have to shit – shit! If you have to fart – fart!”

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18
Q

Liu + Deng

Reasoning for pragmatic recovery from GLF

A

“We can’t go on like this” (Liu)

“A donkey is slow, but at least it rarely has an accident” (Deng)

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19
Q

Liu

Impact of Three Bad Years Famine on Mao/CCP’s reputation

A

Famine attributed “30% to natural calamities, 70% to human failings”

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20
Q

D

Women

A

“China’s women had risen to the status second-class citizens”
Dietrich

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21
Q

Fenby

New political system

A

Inclusion of non-CCP members in provisional govt = “window dressing”

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22
Q

Mao

Reasoning for Fanshen

A

“The peasants are clear-sighted. … the peasants keep clear accounts”

“a mass education of the peasants in to socialism”

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23
Q

S + M + D

Reasons for Thought Reform

A

“In this superheated atmosphere, the campaign to suppress counter-revolutionaries burned white hot” (Short)

the CCP saw their campaigns as ‘educational’ rather than vindictive, with the aim of producing ‘correct thoughts’ that → correct political and social behaviours (Meisner)

‘carefully cultivated Auschwitz of the mind’ (Dikotter)

24
Q

Liu

Reasoning for ‘gradualist’ approach to collectivisation

A

“The Soviet road is the road all humanity will eventually take. To bypass this road is impossible”

‘no collectivization without modernisation’

25
Q

Ryan

Reaction to Mao’s appeal for collectivisation

A

M’s appeal had ‘electrifying effect’ on pol cadres in countryside

26
Q

R

Hundred Flowers Campaign

A

’fine rain’ of criticism [that M was expecting] grew into a heavy downpour of resentment”

27
Q

Mao

Reaction to Hundred Flowers Campaign

A

“Any word or deed at variance w socialism is completely wrong”

28
Q

F

Significance of Hundred Flowers Campaign

A

“demonstrated Mao’s naivety and then his utter ruthlessness’ (Fenby)

29
Q

Young academic

Criticism of CCP

A

CCP treated intel like “dog shit one moment and 10,000 ounces of gold the next”

30
Q

Mao

Inspiration for the GLF

A

“the E wind prevails over the west wind”

31
Q

Mao

Reasoning for the CR

A

‘even party members are enthusiastically promo feudal + cap art but ignoring soc art’

32
Q

C

Little red book

A

‘a weapon of mass instruction’

33
Q

R

Significance of Mao’s Good Swim

A

M ‘in fine health + more ready than ever to steer Ch thru rev waters’ (Ryan)

34
Q

Lin Biao

A

M’s ‘closest comrade in arms’

35
Q

Mao

Criticism of party centre in major newspapers Aug 1966 (after 16P)

A

Party centre actions = ‘poisonous’

36
Q

Former Red Guard

RG rally in Tianamen Square (18 Aug 1966)

A

“The atmosphere was thrilling. We were so excited that we wept”

37
Q

M

Role of Mao in the violence of the RG

A

M’s vagueness forced RG to “conjure up pictures of the enemy from their imaginations’.

38
Q

LZ (photojournalist during CR)

Cult of personality around Mao

A

‘Mao was more than a leader. He was our saviour’

Li Zhenseng

39
Q

Rebel worker

Social importance of CR

A

“In the CR people talked about anything, without restrictions”

40
Q

S

Impact of the January Storm (1967)

A

“Mao had looked into the abyss and didn’t like what he saw” (Short)

41
Q

9th Party Congress

A

“congress of unity and congress of victory”

42
Q

CCP

retrospective view of CR

A

“ten years of calamities”

43
Q

F + K
Significance of the CR

A

CR created “enduring legacy of social justice, feminist ideals, and even many democratic principles” (Feigon)

“China’s greates experiment in participatory democracy” (Kraus)

44
Q

Peasant

Farmers’ view of CR

A

“farmers felt proud and elated”

45
Q

MB + LH (both former RG)

RG view of ‘Up to the Mountains, Down to the Countryside’ movement

A

“the newspapers had fed us crock” (Ma Bo)

“Where was the ‘Liberation’ from suffering that the Revolution was meant to have given them?” (Liang Heng)

46
Q

R

Significance of ‘Up to the Mountains, Down to the Countryside’ movement

A

“Mao’s ‘arse kickers’ had been cast out” (Ryan)

47
Q

S

May 7th Schools

A

“as much prisons as schools” (Spence)

48
Q

M

Mao’s purge of the CCP during CR

A

M spent rest of 1970/71 “throwing stones, mixing in sand, and digging up the cornerstones” of LB’s rep” (MacFarquhar)

49
Q

Tiger (LB’s son)

View of Mao

A

“he is the greatest feudal tyrant in Chinese history…wrapping himself in the guise of a Marxist-Leninist anc behaving like the First Emperor”

50
Q

T

Impact of LB’s death

A

LB’s death “had a disorientating effect among ordinary Communists and cadres, intellectuals and social groups more broadly” (Teiwes)

51
Q

Peasants + student sent down to countryside

Impact of LB’s death

A

“I had felt faithful in Mao, but the LB stuff affected my thinking” (peasant)

“We lost faith in the system” (student sent down to c/side)

52
Q

Student in Beijing

Reaction to Zhou Enlai’s death

A

“I had never seen such universal grief”

53
Q

L

Mao’s view on peasants

A

“He believed that peasants [needed to] be controlled and directed” (Lynch)

54
Q

G

Wufan

A

‘an opportunity to pulverize China’s capitalists politically’ (Gray)

55
Q

Rittenburg

Mao’s attitude towards GLF

A

“it was grotesque, in that Mao was an adventurer who didn’t hesitate to embark on adventures w/ 100s of 1000s ppl’s lives at risk” (Rittenburg)

“Working like this, with all these prog, 1/2 of Ch may well have to die” (Mao)

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