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AUBF > U5 Other body fluids > Flashcards

U5 Other body fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Fluids enclosed within a cavity that is lined with a membrane

A

Serous fluids

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2
Q

3 serous fluids

A

Pericardial fluid
pleural fluid
peritoneal fluid

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3
Q

The serous membranes are covered by

A

Mesothelial cells

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4
Q

The membrane that lines the serous cavity

A

Parietal membrane

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5
Q

The inner membrane that covers the organ inside the cavity

A

Visceral membrane

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6
Q

Other term for peritoneal fluid

A

Ascites

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7
Q

Major contributor to the formation of serous fluids

A

Ultrafiltration of plasma through the parietal membrane

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8
Q

Function of the serous fluids

A

Lubricant between the membranes allows free movement of the organs

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9
Q

Four factors regulating the formation of serous fluid

A

Increased permeability of the capillaries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
decreased oncotic pressure within the capillaries
impaired absorption by the lymphatic system

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10
Q

Term for fluid buildup in the serous cavities

A

Effusion

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11
Q

Term for effusion in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascitis

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12
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Caused by non inflammatory processes

A

Transudate

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13
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Caused by inflammatory processes

A

Exudate

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14
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Clear pale yellow or yellow

A

Transudate

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15
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Cloudy with variable color and sheen appearance

A

Exudate

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16
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Viscosity similar to serum

A

Transudate

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17
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Higher viscosity than serum

A

Exudate

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18
Q

This is the cause of higher viscosity of exudate than transudate

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

Transudate or exudate:
< 1.018 specific gravity

A

transudate

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20
Q

Transudate or exudate:
> 1.018 specific gravity

A

exudate

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21
Q

Transudate or exudate:
No clotting

A

Transudate

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22
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Spontaneous clotting

A

Exudate

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23
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Glucose is equal to plasma

A

Transudate

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24
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Glucose equal to or less than plasma

A

Exudate

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25
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Total protein less than 50% of plasma

A

Transudate

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26
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Total protein greater than 50% of plasma

A

Exudate

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27
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Ldh is less than 60%

A

Transudate

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28
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Ldh is more than 60% of plasma

A

Exudate

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29
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Ratio of ldh serous fluid to serum less than or equal to 0.6

A

Transudate

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30
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Ratio of ldh serous fluid to serum greater than 0.6

A

Exudate

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31
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Serum to ascites albumin ratio greater than 1.1

A

Transudate

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32
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Serum to ascites albumin ratio less than 1.1

A

Exudate

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33
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Increased hydrostatic pressure

A

Transudate

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34
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Decreased oncotic pressure

A

Transudate

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35
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Increased permeability of membrane

A

Exudate

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36
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Decrease lymphatic absorption

A

Exudate

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37
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Congestive heart failure

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure transudate

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38
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Hepatic cirrhosis

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure transudate

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39
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Shock

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure transudate

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40
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Liver disease causing decreased in protein synthesis

A

Decreased oncotic pressure transudate

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41
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Kidney disease or nephrotic syndrome causing increased protein loss

A

Decreased oncotic pressure transudate

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42
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Bacterial viral or fungal infection

A

Increased permeability exudate

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43
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Tumor or neoplasms like lung cancer or hepatic cancer

A

Increased permeability exudate

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44
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Systemic diseases like ra and sle

A

Increased permeability exudate

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45
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Gastrointestinal diseases

A

Increased permeability exudate

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46
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Trauma

A

Increase permeability exudate

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47
Q

Transudate or exudate:
Lymphoma

A

Decreased lymphatic absorption exudate

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48
Q

Percutaneous puncture of body cavity for aspiration of serous fluid

A

Paracentesis

49
Q

Transport temperature of serous fluid

A

Room temperature

50
Q

Recommended volume of serous collection

A

At least 100 ml

51
Q

Serous fluid for glucose test

A

3 to 5 ml
plain tube orr sodium fluoride

52
Q

Serous fluid for protein amylase triglyceride cholesterol and ldh

A

52 tanamal plain tube

53
Q

Serous fluid for pleural fluid ph test

A

1 to 3 ml
anaerobic cooled heparinized tube

54
Q

Cell count and differential count for serous fluid

A

528 ml
edta or sodium heparin

55
Q

Serous fluid for cytology test pap smear or cell block

A

25 to 50 ml
sodium heparin

56
Q

Serous fluid for Microbiological studies including gram stain and culture

A

10 to 20 ml in
sterile sodium heparin or sps

57
Q

Serous fluid for acid fast stain

A

15 to 50 ml in sterile sodium heparin

58
Q

Normal appearance of serous fluid

A

Clear yellowish

59
Q

Cloudy serous fluid can indicate

A

Increased wbc due to inflammatory process
Increase chyle

60
Q

Milky serous fluid indicates

A

Extreme amounts of chyle

61
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Thoracic duct leakage

A

Chylous

62
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Obstruction of lymphatic system

A

Chylous

63
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Hepatic cirrhosis

A

Chylous

64
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Portal vein thrombosis

A

Chylous

65
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Chronic diseases

A

pseudochylous

66
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
tuberculosis

A

pseudochylous

67
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
RA

A

pseudochylous

68
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
collagen vasculsr disorders

A

pseudochylous

69
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Sudden onset

A

Chylous

70
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Gradual onset

A

Pseudo chylous

71
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Milky White or bloody yellow

A

Chylous

72
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Milky or greenish metallic sheen

A

Pseudo chylous

73
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Odorless

A

Chylous

74
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Odorless or foul

A

Pseudo chylous

75
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Alkaline ph

A

Chylous

76
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Alkaline or acidic ph

A

Pseudo chylous

77
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Has chylomicrons and cholesterol crystals

A

Chylous

78
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
No chylomicrons

A

Pseudo chylous

79
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Clearing and decreased volume after after acidification extraction

A

Chylous

80
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
No clearing after ether acidification extraction

A

Pseudo chylous

81
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Strong reaction to sudan III

A

Chylous

82
Q

Chylous or pseudochylous:
Weak reaction to sudan

A

Pseudo chylous

83
Q

Causes of red colored serous fluid

A

Traumatic puncture
hemorrhagic effusion

84
Q

Three indications that the red color of serous effusion is due to traumatic procedure

A

Amount of blood decreases in collection
small clots are formed
hematocrit is greater than 50% of whole blood hematocrit

85
Q

3 causes of hemorrhagic effusion

A

Tuberculosis
malignancy
pulmonary embolism

86
Q

Causes of brown serous effusions

A

Liver abscess due to amoeba

87
Q

Cause of black serous effusion

A

Aspergillosis

88
Q

Causes of green serous effusions

A

Increased bile to pancreatic damage

89
Q

Ph is measured in what serous fluid

A

Pleural fluid

90
Q

Abnormally low ph of the pleural fluid indicates

A

Parapneumonic effusion and esophageal rupture

91
Q

Pleural fluid ph less than 7.30

A

Drainage

92
Q

Pleural fluid ph greater than 7.30

A

Antibiotics

93
Q

Ratio of transudate to serum total protein is less than

A

0.5

94
Q

Ratio of transudate to serum ldh is less than

A

0.6

95
Q

The reference value for glucose in serous fluid is

A

Less than 60 mg per dl

96
Q

Exudates have a glucose level of

A

> 30 mg/dL

97
Q

Bacterial infection in the serous fluid is indicated by

A

Increased pyruvate and lactate

98
Q

pleural and peritoneal fluid that has an amylase of 1.5 to 2 x the level in serum is indicative of

A

Pancreatitis
esophageal rupture
gastroduodenal perforation metastatic disease

99
Q

This level of triglyceride in serous fluid rolls out chylous effusion

A

Less than 50 mg per dl

100
Q

This analyte when increased indicates tubercular effusion or peritonitis

A

Adenosine deaminase

101
Q

Level of adenosine deaminase in the pleural fluid during tubercular effusion

A

> 40 U/L

102
Q

Level of adenosine deaminase in the peritoneal fluid during tubercular peritonitis

A

> 36 U/L

103
Q

This is increased in the peritoneal fluid during urinary bladder rupture

A

BUN creatinine ratio

104
Q

BUN creatinine ratio increases during

A

Ruptured urinary bladder

105
Q

This analyte is increased during intestinal perforation

A

ALP

106
Q

ALP is increased during

A

Intestinal perforation

107
Q

Test where one drop of serous fluid is added to 100 ml of water and one drop of acetic acid

A

Rivalta’s test

108
Q

Normal in rivalta test

A

No turbidity

109
Q

Slight clouding in Rivalta’s test

A

transudate

110
Q

Heavy precipitate or jellyfish like appearance in Rivalta’s tesr

A

Exudate

111
Q

Number of wbc seen exudate

A

> 1000/uL

112
Q

number of RBCs in exudate

A

> 100,000 per uL

113
Q

Increased of neutrophils in pleural fluid

A

Pneumonia
pancreatitis
pulmonary infection

114
Q

Increase lymphocytes in pleural cavity

A

Tuberculosis
viral infection
malignancies
autoimmune diseases

115
Q

Increase in neutrophils in peritoneal fluid

A

Exudates with bacterial infection

116
Q

Lymphocytes in peritoneal fluid

A

Tuberculosis
neoplasms
lymphatic obstruction

117
Q

Increased in neutrophils in pericardial fluid

A

Bacterial endocarditis

118
Q

Presence of Psammoma bodies in serous fluids

A

ovarian and thyroid metastasis

119
Q

presence of hematoidin crystals in serous effusions

A

intestinal hemorrhage

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