U5 Other body fluids Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
Fluids enclosed within a cavity that is lined with a membrane
A
Serous fluids
2
Q
3 serous fluids
A
Pericardial fluid
pleural fluid
peritoneal fluid
3
Q
The serous membranes are covered by
A
Mesothelial cells
4
Q
The membrane that lines the serous cavity
A
Parietal membrane
5
Q
The inner membrane that covers the organ inside the cavity
A
Visceral membrane
6
Q
Other term for peritoneal fluid
A
Ascites
7
Q
Major contributor to the formation of serous fluids
A
Ultrafiltration of plasma through the parietal membrane
8
Q
Function of the serous fluids
A
Lubricant between the membranes allows free movement of the organs
9
Q
Four factors regulating the formation of serous fluid
A
Increased permeability of the capillaries
increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
decreased oncotic pressure within the capillaries
impaired absorption by the lymphatic system
10
Q
Term for fluid buildup in the serous cavities
A
Effusion
11
Q
Term for effusion in the peritoneal cavity
A
ascitis
12
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Caused by non inflammatory processes
A
Transudate
13
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Caused by inflammatory processes
A
Exudate
14
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Clear pale yellow or yellow
A
Transudate
15
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Cloudy with variable color and sheen appearance
A
Exudate
16
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Viscosity similar to serum
A
Transudate
17
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Higher viscosity than serum
A
Exudate
18
Q
This is the cause of higher viscosity of exudate than transudate
A
Fibrinogen
19
Q
Transudate or exudate:
< 1.018 specific gravity
A
transudate
20
Q
Transudate or exudate:
> 1.018 specific gravity
A
exudate
21
Q
Transudate or exudate:
No clotting
A
Transudate
22
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Spontaneous clotting
A
Exudate
23
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Glucose is equal to plasma
A
Transudate
24
Q
Transudate or exudate:
Glucose equal to or less than plasma
A
Exudate
25
Transudate or exudate:
Total protein less than 50% of plasma
Transudate
26
Transudate or exudate:
Total protein greater than 50% of plasma
Exudate
27
Transudate or exudate:
Ldh is less than 60%
Transudate
28
Transudate or exudate:
Ldh is more than 60% of plasma
Exudate
29
Transudate or exudate:
Ratio of ldh serous fluid to serum less than or equal to 0.6
Transudate
30
Transudate or exudate:
Ratio of ldh serous fluid to serum greater than 0.6
Exudate
31
Transudate or exudate:
Serum to ascites albumin ratio greater than 1.1
Transudate
32
Transudate or exudate:
Serum to ascites albumin ratio less than 1.1
Exudate
33
Transudate or exudate:
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Transudate
34
Transudate or exudate:
Decreased oncotic pressure
Transudate
35
Transudate or exudate:
Increased permeability of membrane
Exudate
36
Transudate or exudate:
Decrease lymphatic absorption
Exudate
37
Transudate or exudate:
Congestive heart failure
Increased hydrostatic pressure transudate
38
Transudate or exudate:
Hepatic cirrhosis
Increased hydrostatic pressure transudate
39
Transudate or exudate:
Shock
Increased hydrostatic pressure transudate
40
Transudate or exudate:
Liver disease causing decreased in protein synthesis
Decreased oncotic pressure transudate
41
Transudate or exudate:
Kidney disease or nephrotic syndrome causing increased protein loss
Decreased oncotic pressure transudate
42
Transudate or exudate:
Bacterial viral or fungal infection
Increased permeability exudate
43
Transudate or exudate:
Tumor or neoplasms like lung cancer or hepatic cancer
Increased permeability exudate
44
Transudate or exudate:
Systemic diseases like ra and sle
Increased permeability exudate
45
Transudate or exudate:
Gastrointestinal diseases
Increased permeability exudate
46
Transudate or exudate:
Trauma
Increase permeability exudate
47
Transudate or exudate:
Lymphoma
Decreased lymphatic absorption exudate
48
Percutaneous puncture of body cavity for aspiration of serous fluid
Paracentesis
49
Transport temperature of serous fluid
Room temperature
50
Recommended volume of serous collection
At least 100 ml
51
Serous fluid for glucose test
3 to 5 ml
plain tube orr sodium fluoride
52
Serous fluid for protein amylase triglyceride cholesterol and ldh
52 tanamal plain tube
53
Serous fluid for pleural fluid ph test
1 to 3 ml
anaerobic cooled heparinized tube
54
Cell count and differential count for serous fluid
528 ml
edta or sodium heparin
55
Serous fluid for cytology test pap smear or cell block
25 to 50 ml
sodium heparin
56
Serous fluid for Microbiological studies including gram stain and culture
10 to 20 ml in
sterile sodium heparin or sps
57
Serous fluid for acid fast stain
15 to 50 ml in sterile sodium heparin
58
Normal appearance of serous fluid
Clear yellowish
59
Cloudy serous fluid can indicate
Increased wbc due to inflammatory process
Increase chyle
60
Milky serous fluid indicates
Extreme amounts of chyle
61
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Thoracic duct leakage
Chylous
62
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Obstruction of lymphatic system
Chylous
63
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Hepatic cirrhosis
Chylous
64
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Portal vein thrombosis
Chylous
65
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Chronic diseases
pseudochylous
66
Chylous or pseudochylous:
tuberculosis
pseudochylous
67
Chylous or pseudochylous:
RA
pseudochylous
68
Chylous or pseudochylous:
collagen vasculsr disorders
pseudochylous
69
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Sudden onset
Chylous
70
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Gradual onset
Pseudo chylous
71
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Milky White or bloody yellow
Chylous
72
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Milky or greenish metallic sheen
Pseudo chylous
73
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Odorless
Chylous
74
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Odorless or foul
Pseudo chylous
75
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Alkaline ph
Chylous
76
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Alkaline or acidic ph
Pseudo chylous
77
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Has chylomicrons and cholesterol crystals
Chylous
78
Chylous or pseudochylous:
No chylomicrons
Pseudo chylous
79
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Clearing and decreased volume after after acidification extraction
Chylous
80
Chylous or pseudochylous:
No clearing after ether acidification extraction
Pseudo chylous
81
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Strong reaction to sudan III
Chylous
82
Chylous or pseudochylous:
Weak reaction to sudan
Pseudo chylous
83
Causes of red colored serous fluid
Traumatic puncture
hemorrhagic effusion
84
Three indications that the red color of serous effusion is due to traumatic procedure
Amount of blood decreases in collection
small clots are formed
hematocrit is greater than 50% of whole blood hematocrit
85
3 causes of hemorrhagic effusion
Tuberculosis
malignancy
pulmonary embolism
86
Causes of brown serous effusions
Liver abscess due to amoeba
87
Cause of black serous effusion
Aspergillosis
88
Causes of green serous effusions
Increased bile to pancreatic damage
89
Ph is measured in what serous fluid
Pleural fluid
90
Abnormally low ph of the pleural fluid indicates
Parapneumonic effusion and esophageal rupture
91
Pleural fluid ph less than 7.30
Drainage
92
Pleural fluid ph greater than 7.30
Antibiotics
93
Ratio of transudate to serum total protein is less than
0.5
94
Ratio of transudate to serum ldh is less than
0.6
95
The reference value for glucose in serous fluid is
Less than 60 mg per dl
96
Exudates have a glucose level of
>30 mg/dL
97
Bacterial infection in the serous fluid is indicated by
Increased pyruvate and lactate
98
pleural and peritoneal fluid that has an amylase of 1.5 to 2 x the level in serum is indicative of
Pancreatitis
esophageal rupture
gastroduodenal perforation metastatic disease
99
This level of triglyceride in serous fluid rolls out chylous effusion
Less than 50 mg per dl
100
This analyte when increased indicates tubercular effusion or peritonitis
Adenosine deaminase
101
Level of adenosine deaminase in the pleural fluid during tubercular effusion
> 40 U/L
102
Level of adenosine deaminase in the peritoneal fluid during tubercular peritonitis
> 36 U/L
103
This is increased in the peritoneal fluid during urinary bladder rupture
BUN creatinine ratio
104
BUN creatinine ratio increases during
Ruptured urinary bladder
105
This analyte is increased during intestinal perforation
ALP
106
ALP is increased during
Intestinal perforation
107
Test where one drop of serous fluid is added to 100 ml of water and one drop of acetic acid
Rivalta's test
108
Normal in rivalta test
No turbidity
109
Slight clouding in Rivalta's test
transudate
110
Heavy precipitate or jellyfish like appearance in Rivalta's tesr
Exudate
111
Number of wbc seen exudate
> 1000/uL
112
number of RBCs in exudate
>100,000 per uL
113
Increased of neutrophils in pleural fluid
Pneumonia
pancreatitis
pulmonary infection
114
Increase lymphocytes in pleural cavity
Tuberculosis
viral infection
malignancies
autoimmune diseases
115
Increase in neutrophils in peritoneal fluid
Exudates with bacterial infection
116
Lymphocytes in peritoneal fluid
Tuberculosis
neoplasms
lymphatic obstruction
117
Increased in neutrophils in pericardial fluid
Bacterial endocarditis
118
Presence of Psammoma bodies in serous fluids
ovarian and thyroid metastasis
119
presence of hematoidin crystals in serous effusions
intestinal hemorrhage
