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Lab part 2 > UA > Flashcards

UA Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

UA is an indicator of what?

A

Important indicator of health

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2
Q

UA can screen and detect?

A
  • Renal function/disorder
  • Endocrine or metabolic function/disorder
  • UTI
  • Systemic diseases
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3
Q

What kind of test is a UA?

A

Cost effective in-vitro diagnostic test

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4
Q

2 types of urine collection?

A

Instrumented and Non instrumented

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5
Q

Non instrument urine collection types

A
  • First morning void
  • Random urine specimen
  • Clean Catch
  • 24 hour
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6
Q

Instrumented urine collection types

A
  • Urethral catheterization
  • Suprapubic needle aspiration
  • Catheterization and Bladder irrigation
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7
Q

When should fresh urine be analyzed?

A

Within 1-2 hours

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8
Q

If unable to test fresh urine immediately, what should you do?

A

Refrigerate for 3-6hours

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9
Q

What increases the pH of urine?

A

Urea splitting bacteria produces ammonia which combine with hydrogen ions

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10
Q

Which urine collection method is most concentrated and recommended for chemical and microscopic examination?

A

First morning void

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11
Q

Which urine specimen collection method is most convenient and common but not as sensitive as first morning void?

A

Random urine

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12
Q

Which urine specimen collection method is for bacterial cultures?

A

Clean catch urine

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13
Q

When can you perform urine cultures?

A

12 hours after collection if specimen was refrigerated

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14
Q

Which urine collection method gives quantitative results and may need preservative?

A

24 hour collection

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15
Q

What urine collection method should be used on obese patients?

A

Urethral catheterization

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16
Q

What is the urine collection method for infants and young children?

A

Suprapubic needle aspiration

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17
Q

Where do you insert the needle for suprapubic needle aspiration?

A

Directly into distended bladder

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18
Q

Which urine collection method avoids vaginal and urethral contamination?

A

Suprapubic needle aspiration

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19
Q

How much saline is inserted into the bladder during irrigation?

A

50-72ml

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20
Q

What study is conducted with contents after bladder irrigation

A

Cytologic study

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21
Q

What are the 3 elements of urine analysis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Physical
Chemical
Microscopic

22
Q

What is the normal volume of 24 hour urine?

Study These Flashcards
A

600-2000ml, average 1500ml

23
Q

What directly influences amount of urine in a 24 hour period?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fluid intake
  • Temperature and climate
  • Perspiration that occurs
24
Q

What is the pigment in urine called?

25
What is normal urine color described?
Straw (light yellow) to dark amber
26
What causes urine to be blue?
Methylene blue
27
What causes urine to be dark orange?
Pyridium
28
What causes urine to be milky white?
Chyle
29
What causes urine to be olive green to brown black?
Phenols
30
What causes urine to be yellow to brown (or green when shaken)
Bile
31
What causes urine to be red or red-brown (smoky appearance)
Blood
32
What is normal turbidity of urine?
Clear
33
What is turbid alkaline due to?
Amorphous phosphate Amorphous carbonate
34
What causes pinkish turbidity?
Urates
35
Urine that has been standing for a long time develops ammonia odor due to what?
Breakdown of urea by bacteria
36
Maple syrup urine odor cause?
Maple syrup urine disease
37
Musty mousy urine odor cause?
Infant with phenylketonuria
38
Sweaty feet urine odor cause?
Butyric or hexanoic acid
39
Specific gravity of random urine
1.003-1.035
40
Specific gravity of 24 hour urine
1.015-1.025
41
Blood glucose will be at what level when glucosuria occurs?
160-180mg/dL
42
Glucose in the urine indicates?
DM or other causes of hyperglycemia
43
What is ketonuria?
Presence of ketones in urine as a result of incomplete fatty acid utilization
44
Ketonuria is an indicator of?
DM
45
Causes of ketones in urine?
- decrease in utilization of carbs (DM) - Keto diet ( high fat, low carb) - Eclampsia
46
Occult blood in urine is called?
Hematuria
47
Bilirubin in urine is caused by?
Any condition that causes jaundice
48
Urobilinogen is present in urine in what concentration?
1 EU or less
49
Increase in urobilinogen indicates what?
Liver or hemolytic disease
50
What is the normal pH of urine?
4.6-8.0, averages around 6
51
UTIs cause by what may cause alkaline urine?
Proteus and pseudomonas
52
Protein in urine is an indicator of what disease?
Renal disease

Lab part 2 (3 decks)

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