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BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) > UA and Body Fluids Polansky Review > Flashcards

UA and Body Fluids Polansky Review Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

First morning specimen

A

best for screening most concentrated

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2
Q

2hr post prandial

A

diabetes monitoring, 2hr after eating, glycosuria

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3
Q

24hr urine

A

quantititive chemistries, discard first void, fridge

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4
Q

diuresis

A

increased urine production

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5
Q

polyuria

A

increased urine flow

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6
Q

oliguria

A

decreased urine flow

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7
Q

anuria

A

no urine production

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8
Q

bilirubin urine color

A

amber orange, yellow foam with shaking

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9
Q

urobilin urine

A

amber orange, no yellow foam with shaking

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10
Q

homogentisic acid urine

A

normal on void, black/brown standing

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11
Q

melanin urine

A

black/brown standing

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12
Q

methemoglobin urine

A

brown/black

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13
Q

myoglobin urine

A

red/brown standing

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14
Q

blood/hgb urine

A

pink/red, brown standing

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15
Q

porphyrin urine

A

port wine

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16
Q

changes in unpreserved urine standing for 2 hr

A

increase turbidity
inc pH
dec glucose, ketones, bili, urobili, WBC/RBC

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17
Q

pH strip test

A

double indicator, acid base balance, pH =9 improperly preserved

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18
Q

protein urine strip
what error indicator
disease?
most senst to ?

A

protein error of indicator
renal disease

most sensitive to alb

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19
Q

glucose test strip

A

glucose oxidase/peroxidase
diabetes

spec for glucose

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20
Q

ketone strip test
increased?
most sensitive to?

A

sodium nitroprusside rxn
increased fat metabolism

acetoacitic acid

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21
Q

blood strip test
pseudo….

A

pseudoperoxidase activity of hgb

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22
Q

bilirubin strip test
significance?

A

diazo rxn

liver disease/biliary obst

only conjugated bili is excreted

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23
Q

urobilinogen strip test

A

ehrlichs aldehyde rxn

liver disease hemolysis

only detect increase, not absence

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24
Q

nitrite strip test

A

greiss rxn

UTI
inc specificty when urine in bladder is 4hr old

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25
leukocyte esterase strip test disease association? doesnt detect?
UTI longest rxn time, doesnt detect lymphs
26
SG strip test
pKa changes kidney conc ability in hydration inc in diabetes mellitus dec in diabetes insip (ADH) ionic solutes
27
protein erros strip test
highly alk urine, increased SG proteins other than ALB
28
glucose errors strip test
contamination with peroxide or bleach, ascorbic acid, incr SG
29
ketone errors strip test
red pigments, dyes, acetone
30
SG errors strip test
increased proteins, alk urine
31
microalbumin what kind of specimen
24hr urine ACR females diab nephrop
32
SSA sulfsalicylic acid
proteins, bence jones
33
clintest what reduction watch to avoid?
reducing substances, coper reduction watch to avoid pass through
34
Acetest
detects ketones sodium nitroprusside most senitive to acetoacitic acid
35
ictotest
detects bilirubin diazo rgnt more sensitive than reagent strip
36
gluc oxidase + copper reduct (clintest) +
glucose
37
gluc oxidase + clintest 0
glucose below sensitivity for clintest
38
gluc oxidase 0 clintest +
non glucose reducing substance
39
gluc oxidase 0 clintest 0
no gluc or other reducing subtance
40
squamous epithelial cells located?
lower urethra, vagina, no signif increase in females sometimes, reduce with midstream
41
transitional epithelial cells shape? location? may form?
renal eplvis, urteres, bladder pherical pear shapped, polyherdral seldom significant may form syncytia (clumps)
42
RTE cells tn/t/v/rr
round eccentric nucelpus renal tubules tubular necrosis, toxins, viral infection, renal rejection
43
oval fat body
RTE cell containing fat renal tubes maltese cross with polarized light
44
WBC in urine
cystitis, pyelonephritis, tumors, renal calculi clumps with acute infection
45
glitter cell
wbc with brownian movement of granules seen in hypotonic urine
46
RBC in urine
infection, trauma, tumors dysmophic indicate glomerular bleeding lyse in hypotonic urine and w acetic acid
47
amorphous urates
acid or neutral urine normal pink precipitate dissolve by warming
48
uric acid crystals
acid/neutral urine normal birefirngent/polarizes
49
calcium oxalate
acid/neutral urine normal octahedral most common form slight alk urine sometimes, most common consituent of renal calculi
50
amorphous phosphates
alk urine normal white precipitate dissolve with acidic acid
51
triple phos crystals
alk urine normal coffin lids
52
ammonium biurate
alk urine normal old specimens thorny apples
53
calcium phosphate
alk urine normal rosettes, pinting inger only needle forms in alk urine
54
calcium carbonate
alk urine normal colorless dumbless/aggregates
55
Leucine
abnormal radial concentric striations severe liver disease seen w tyrosine
56
tyrosine
abnromal fine yellow needles in sheaves/rossettes severe liver disease seen with leucine
57
cystine
abn hexagonal cystinuria must diff from uric acid doesnt polarize light confirm with sodium nitroprusside test
58
cholesterol
abnormal flat plates notched corners stair-steps nephrotic syndrome birefringent
59
bilirubin crystal looks? disease? chem test?
abnormal yellow brown needles, plates, granules liver disease chem test for bilirubin should be positive
60
Hyaline cast incr w? what protein?
normal incr w stress, fever, excersice most common least sign tamms horsefall
61
granular cast inc w s/e/g/p disintigration?
inc w stress, excersise, glomnerph, pyloneph from disintegration of cellular cast
62
rbc cast
rbc in cast matrix acute glom nephr, strenous exersice ID kidney as source of bleeding, most fragile cast
63
blood cast
contain hgb, acute glomneph, strenous exercise disitegration of rbc casts
64
WBC cast
irreg shape, wbc in matrix pyelonephritis ID kidney as site of infection
65
epithelial cast damage? where are they made
rte cells in matrix renal tube damage distal to renal tubes/collecting duct where casts are formed
66
waxy cast caused by? degeneration of?
homogenous, opawue, notched/broken edges urinary stasis degenertion of cellular/granular casts unfavorable
67
fatty cast
lipid droplets nephrotic syndrome maltese cross w polarizer is cholesterol sudan II oil Red O stain
68
broad cast shape significance? formed in?
wide, cellular, waxy, granular advanced renal disease formed in distal/collecting ducts renal failure casts
69
Yeast
vaginal/fecal contam may be due to kidney infection often in diabeteics add 2% acetic acid to lyse rbcs, wbc present with true yeast
70
trichomonas
flagella/undulating membrane parasitic infection of genital tract, in females dont report unless motile
71
acute glomerulonephritis what type of infections?
inflamm and damage to glomeruli protein and blood on strip rbcs/wbc/hgb casts group a strep infections
72
nephrotic syndrome increased? large what kind of casts? hypo/hyper
incr glom permeability large protein casts, free fat and oval fat bodies hypoproteinemeia/hyperlipidemia
73
pyelonephritis
kidney infection protein, leukocyte esterase, nitrite wbc, wbc casts, bacteria
74
cystitis doesnt have?
bladder infection leukocyte esterase, nitrie abc, bacteria, rbcs, no casts
75
liver disease
bili pos or neg urobili increased
76
biliary obstruction
bili pos urobili N
77
hemolytic disorders
bili neg urobili increased
78
CSF exam
1hr post collection to avoid rbc lysis, centrifuge
79
wbc CSF
increased in meningitis, cell count within 30min
80
glucose CSF
inc in bacterial meningitis
81
protein CSF
increased in meningitis and tramatic tap use trichloracetic acid
82
cells in CSF
siderophages with subarachnoid hemorrhage blasts w leukemia
83
mycobacterium meningitis CSF web...
inc wbc lymphs monos weblike clot or pellicle inc protein/glucose
84
fungal meningitis CSF
inc wbc lymphs monos pos india ink or latex agglut
85
Effusion
abn accum of fluid in body cavity
86
serous effusion
fluid contained in pericardial, peritoneal and pleural cavities
87
pericardial fluid
fluid around heart
88
Transudate
systemic disorder afecting fluid filtration and reabs, problem originating outside body noninflamm colorless/clear mononuclears
89
exudate within i/h i y c inc clo pol
membranes within bodycavity infection/hemorrage inflammation yellow/brown/green cloudy inc glucose inc protein clotting polys
90
noninflammatory synovial fluid
degenerative joint disease yellow
91
inflammatory synovial fluid
RA, lupus, gout, pseudogout yellow cloudy/turbid poor viscosity inc wbcs polys
92
infectious synovial fluid
bacterial infection yellow green cloudy inc wbcs (s. aureus/gonorrhoeae common)
93
crystal induced synovial fluid
gout/pseudogout yellow/white milky crystals
94
hemorrhagic synovial fluid
trauma, coag abnormality pink/red/brown clpudy
95
monosodium urate crystals synovial fluid
needles, briefringnet yellow when long axis is parallel to slow wave gout
96
calcium pyrophosphate synovial fluid
rod shaped, rhomboid weakly birefingent blue when parallel pseudogout
97
cholesterol synovial fluid
extracellular chronic effusions (RA)
98
semen collection fertility
3 days no sex no conodms deliver within 1 hr dont examin until liquified
99
motility/morphology sperm
observe motility within 3hr 50-60% should be fair motility 200 cell count,
100
post vasc
condom can be used, time temp not critical testing after 2 mos, continue until 2 samples are w/o sperm 1 sperm significant
101
L/S ratio
fetal lung maturity TLC >2 ideal
102
PG phosphatidylglycerol not affected by
fetal lung maturity immunologic agglut last surfactant to rise not affected by blood
103
foam stability index (shake test) index is?
fetal lung maturity shake w increase ammount of 95% ethanol index is highest conc that supports ring
104
lamellar body count
fetal lung maturity count in plt channel of hemocytometer number correlates to phosph in fetal lungs
105
amniotic fluid bilirubin
HDFN determine severity of disease, protect from light
106
AFP
neural tube defects high levels with anecephaly/spina bifida

BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) (9 decks)

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