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UA MAMC Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Bilirubin

A

seen liver dysfunction

hemolytic disease

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2
Q

Whats Urobilinogen?

A

breakdown of bilirubin

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3
Q

Urobilinogen

A

liver dysfunction

increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias)

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4
Q

Ketones

A

Diabetes
Vomiting
Starvation

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5
Q

Glucose

A

Diabetes
Kidney Impairment
CNS damage
Pancreatic disease

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6
Q

Protein

A

Kidney Impairment
Nephrotic syndrom
Multiple myeloma

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7
Q

Hemoglobinuria

A

free hgb in the urine

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8
Q

Hematuria

A

intact RBC in the urine

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9
Q

Blood

A

severe burns
infections
kidney stones

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10
Q

Low pH

A

Diabetes
dehydration
Inflammation

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11
Q

High pH

A

Hyperventilation
Vomiting
Bacteria

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12
Q

Nitrite

A

bacterial infection

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13
Q

Leukocyte Esterase

A

bacterial infection

inflammation

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14
Q

Whats specific gravity

A

density of urine

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15
Q

Low specific gravity

A

hydration

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16
Q

High specific gravity

A

x-ray dye
dextran
high molecular weight IV fuids

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17
Q

Squamous epithelia

A

most frequently seen and least significant

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18
Q

Whats the Ictotest for

A

to detect bilirubin in a positive strip

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19
Q

Whats the SSA for

A

to detect strip protein when pH >/8.0

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20
Q

What SSA stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

3% Sulfosalicytic acid

21
Q

Whats the Reducing Substances test for

Study These Flashcards
A

to known amount of sugar in urine for pt less than 2 years old

22
Q

Hows the Reducing Substances known as

23
Q

How to perform Ictotest

Study These Flashcards
A

10 drops of urine
add table
one drop of dH2O; after reaction one more drop that overflows on the tablet

24
Q

How to read Ictotest results

Study These Flashcards
A

blue/purple is +

no color is -

25
How to perform SSA
1: 1 mix of volumes trace: transparent positive: milky
26
Sensitivity of SSA
5-10mg/dL
27
Specificity of SSA
Albumin Bence Jones Globulin Glycoproteins
28
How to perform Clinitest
10 drops of dH2O 2-5 drops of Urine Mix add tablet and wait for reaction
29
Sensitivity of Clinitest
0.2g/dL
30
How to read clinitest
blue is - | green/orarange is +
31
How to process a bloody sample
First aliquot and spin down the urine sample. Hemolyzed: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for CHE (using original container). For the other CHE test in LIS report “TNP” and add comment “Unable to report due to color interference”. Perform manual microscopy. Non-hemolyzed: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for the CHE test, run the other CHE test in the analyzer. For the other CHE test add comment “Exercise caution with interpretation of results, bloody sample”. Perform manual microscopy, using original container.
32
How to process a Pyridium sample
If the specimen has a color interference like a pyridine sample: Manually report color, clarity and specific gravity (using a refractometer) for the CHE test. For the other CHE test in LIS report “TNP” and add comment “Unable to report due to color interference”. Perform FCM analysis sample in manual analysis mode for FCM.
33
What are the pathological crystal
Tyrosine Leucine Cystine
34
When do we do a manual microscopic
due to Flagg of: ``` A . X tal: Crystal B. YLC: Yeast like cell C. SRC: Small round cell D.Path Cast: Pathologic cast E. Mucus F. Sperm: Spermatozoa ```
35
What does X-tal indicates
crystal
36
what does YLC indicates
yeast like cell
37
what does SRC indicates
Small round cell
38
what does path cast indicates
pathologic cast
39
What are the pathological cast found in urine
``` Fatty casts Red blood cell casts Renal tubular epithelial cell casts Waxy casts White blood cell (WBC) casts ```
40
What needs a pathologic review
sperm in juveline abnormal casts abnormal crystals parasites
41
Acid Crystals
``` pH 6.5 Uric Acid Tyrosine Leucine Cysteine Amorphous Urate ```
42
Alkaline Crystals
Triple phosphate (coffin lid) Ammonium Biurate Calcium Phosphate/Carbonate Amorphous Phosphate
43
Characteristic of Amporphous crystals
pH color solubility granulation
44
Amorphous crystal
dissolve at 60C
45
Waxy cast vs Hyaline cast
Waxy: high refractivity Hyaline: low refractivity
46
Oval fat bodies
polarize using oil red O
47
Starch crystal
maltese cross | talcum powder cornstarch
48
Parasites seen in urine
Schistosoma Haematobium Schistosoma Mansoni Schistosoma Japonicu,
49
yeast seen in urine
Budding yeast | hyphenated yeast

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