UA-WI18-Collection And Physical Exmination of Urine

Question 1

Timing of collection:

Unspecified, can be collected at any time, most common screening purposes, can sometimes give and inaccurate view of a patients health.

Answer 1

Random

Question 2

Timing of collection:

First voided the urine is generally more concentrated, contains relatively higher levels of cellular elements or proteins.

(8Hour specimen)

Answer 2

First morning

Question 3

Timing of collection:

Voided after 8 hours of fasting

Answer 3

Fasting second

Question 4

Timing of Collection:

Is before a meal, and to collect
a specimen 2 hours after eating

Answer 4

Postprandial- first-voided

Question 5

Timing of collection:

(a.k.a.24 hour collection) is collection of urine
measures creatinine, urine urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium

Answer 5

Timed

Question 6

Timing of collection:

Is the preferred type of
specimen for bacteria culture and sensitivity testing because of the reduced incidence of cellular and microbial contamination

Answer 6

Midstream clean catch urine

Question 7

Timing of collection:

When urine stands at room temperature for a long time, what happens?

Answer 7

Casts and red cells undergo lysis, and the urine becomes alkalinized with precipitation of salts

Question 8

What are the chemicals used to preserve urine?

Answer 8

• Boric acid (the most common) •Chloroform
• Formalin
• Thymole
• Toluene
• Preservative tablet

Question 9

What is included in the physical examination of urine?

Answer 9

1. Appearance (color, transparency, foams, odor)
2. Specific gravity
3. Volume

Question 10

Urine color:

Pigment that gives urine it’s characteristic yellow color.

Answer 10

Urochrome (urobilin)

Question 11

Urine color:

Substance that contributes some pink or reddish color to urine

Answer 11

Uroerythrin

Question 12

What else contributes to urine color?

Answer 12

Foods

Medication

Disease

Concentration of solutes

Question 13

Abnormal urine color:

Milky body fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats or free fatty acids.

Answer 13

Chyle (pathologic)

Question 14

Abnormal urine color:

White color urine, pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 14

Chyle

Lipids

Pyuria (many WBCs)

Question 15

Abnormal urine color:

White color urine, non-pathologic appearance do to?

Answer 15

Phosphates

Vaginal creams

Question 16

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to amber orange urine, pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 16

Liver dysfunction (excessive urobilin or bilirubin)

Chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 17

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to amber to orange, non-pathologic appearance due?

Answer 17

Carrots (beta carotene)

Concentrated urine (dehydration)

Food color

Vitamin B complex or C

Question 18

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to green urine, pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 18

Biliverdin

Bilirubin

Question 19

Abnormal urine color:

Yellow to green urine, non-pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 19

Asparagus

Question 20

Abnormal urine color:

Pink to red urine, pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 20

RBC

Hemoglobin

Myoglobin

Porphyrin

Question 21

Abnormal urine color:

Pink to red urine, non-pathological appearance due to?

Answer 21

Beets (anthocyanin)

Food color

Question 22

Abnormal urine color:

Red to purple urine, pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 22

Porphyrin

No non-pathological reasons

Question 23

Abnormal urine color:

Red to brown urine, pathologic appearance due to ?

Answer 23

Methemoglobin

Myoglobin

(No non-Pathologic reasons)

Question 24

Abnormal urine color:

Brown to black urine, pathologic appearance due to?

Answer 24

Bilirubin

Methemoglobin

Myoglobin

Melanin

Homogentistic acid (Alkapton)

Question 25

Abnormal urine color: Brown to black urine, non pathologic appearance due to ?

Answer 25

Iron compounds Favs beans Aloe

Question 26

Abnormal urine color: Blue to green urine , pathologic appearance due to ?

Answer 26

Biliverdin Pseudomonas infection

Question 27

Abnormal urine color: Blue to green urine, non-pathologic appearance due to ?

Answer 27

Vitamin B12 Thymole Diuretic therapy (blue urine color)

Question 28

Urine is usually clear. Cloudy appearance may be due to amorphous crystals. Amorphous phosphates precipitate=

Answer 28

White color

Question 29

Urine is usually clear. Cloudy appearance may be due to amorphous crystals. Amorphous rate precipitate =

Answer 29

A pink color

Question 30

Urine clarity: Cloudy

Answer 30

Contains salts/crystals

Question 31

Urine clarity: Hazy

Answer 31

Contain mucus

Question 32

Urine clarity: Smoky

Answer 32

Contains RBC

Question 33

Urine Clarity: Turbid

Answer 33

Contains leukocytes, bacteria, pus, proteins, epithelial cells

Question 34

Urine clarity: Milky

Answer 34

Contain fat or chyle

Question 35

Urine clarity: Clear, pathologic appearance

Answer 35

Very dilute Polyuria

Question 36

Urine clarity: Clear, non-pathologic appearance

Answer 36

Over-hydrated

Question 37

Urine clarity: Hazy to cloudy to turbid, pathologic appearance

Answer 37

Varying degrees of casts Cells Crystals & calculi Fat(lipid/chyle) Microorganisms Fecal contamination

Question 38

Urine clarity: Hazy to cloudy to turbid non-pathologic appearance

Answer 38

Creams, lotions Crystals Mucus Radiographic dyes Powders Fecal contamination

Question 39

Foamy urine Pathologic etiology

Answer 39

Significant amounts of protein UTI Fistula from colon to bladder

Question 40

Foamy urine, non-pathologic etiology

Answer 40

Rapid urination Foam increased with urine concentration Toilet cleaner

Question 41

``` Odor of urine: Odor 1. Sweet/fruity 2.Pungent 3. Maple syrup 4. Musty or mousy odor of infant urine 5. Rancid butter or fishy 6. Stronger ammonia ```

Answer 41

Odor Cause 1. Ketones 2. Bacteria 3. Amino acids 4. Phenylketonuria 5. Hypermethioninemia 6. Dehydration

Question 42

Urine concentration tests: 1. Ratio of the weight of a volume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature. • Used to measure the concentrating and diluting ability of the kidney • Concentrating ability is one of the first functions to be lost as a result of tubular damage. • Normal range is 1.003–1.035

Answer 42

Urine Specific gravity