UCSP Flashcards
1
Q
CONSIDERED TO BE THE GRANDFATHER OF ALL SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES?
A
ANTHROPOLOGY
2
Q
- An intensive study of humans and the culture where they were born and actively belong to.
ANTROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, OR POLITICAL SCIENCE?
A
ANTROPOLOGY
3
Q
ETYMOLOGY OF ANTROPOLOGY
A
ANTHROPOS- HUMAN
LOGOS- STUDY OF
4
Q
HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY.
E AND A
A
EARLY EUROPEAN EXPLORERS
AGE OF EXPLORATION
5
Q
HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY -
Initial impressions about native people
A
EARLY EUROPEAN EXPLORERS
6
Q
HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY- Focus on new settlements and ethnic minorities including Native American Indian tribes.
A
AGE OF EXPLORATION
7
Q
PROMINENT SCHOLARS OF ANTHROPOLOGY.
F A R M B
A
FRANZ BOAS
ALRED KROEBER
RUTH BENEDICT
MARGARET MEAD
BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI
8
Q
Father of American Anthropology
- College degree in Physics
- First to apply the scientific method to Anthropology
Research)
WHO IS THIS PROMINENT SCHOLAR IN ANTHROPOLOGY?
A
FRANZ BOAS
9
Q
Along with William Henry Morgan, are two early American Anthropologists -
Championed Indigenous Rights
WHO IS THIS PROMINENT SCHOLAR IN ANTHROPOLOGY?
A
ALFRED KROEBER
10
Q
WHO IS ALONGSIDE ALFRED KROEBER IN BEING THE EARLIEST AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST.
A
WILLIAM HENRY MORGAN
11
Q
Student of Franz Boas
- Specializes in Anthropology and Folklore
- Authored Patterns of Culture
WHO IS THIS PROMINENT SCHOLAR IN ANTHROPOLOGY?
A
RUTH BENEDICT
12
Q
Deemed controversial because of her study on sexual
practices among nauve populations
WHO IS THIS PROMINENT SCHOLAR IN ANTHROPOLOGY?
A
MARGARET MEAD
13
Q
Father of Social Anthropology
WHO IS THIS PROMINENT SCHOLAR IN ANTHROPOLOGY?
A
BRONISLAW MALONOWSKI
14
Q
Founding father of the Ethnographic Approach.
WHO IS THIS PROMINENT SCHOLAR IN ANTHROPOLOGY?
A
BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI
15
Q
When we make decisions, it is within the context of our family, peers, school, nation, and other groups forming our social world.
Anthropology, Sociology, OR Political Science?
A
Sociology
16
Q
The study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. Anthropology, Sociology, or Political Science?
A
Sociology
17
Q
Etymology of sociology
A
Socius- companion
Logos- study of
18
Q
Prominent scholars of sociological perspective
W P W.I
A
Wright mills
Peter berger
W.I. Thomas
19
Q
Prminent people- sociology as science
A K H E M
A
Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Herbert spencer
Emile durkheim
Max weber
20
Q
The Sociological Imagination
Which prominent scholar in sociological perspective?
A
Wright mills
21
Q
“The vivid awareness of the relationship between private experience and the wider society.”
This is from?
A
Wright mills- sociological imagination
22
Q
The perspective of sociology enables us to see
“general patterns in particular events.”
Stated by?
A
Peter berger
23
Q
Wrote “A Rumor of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural”
Which prominent scholar in sociological perspective?
A
Peter berger
24
Q
What did W.I. THOMAS contribute tp sociological perspective?
A
The Thomas Theorem
25
- "If men defined situations as real, then they are real in their consequences."
Who stated this?
W.I. Thomas
26
He coined the term sociology?
Auguste comte
27
To understand society, it should be analyzed
as it really was not in is idea state. Which prominent scholar in sociology as science stated this?
Auguste comte
28
Who invented positivism?
Auguste comte
29
This is the use of scientific evidence.
Positivism
30
He invented the conflict theory. Which prominent scholar of sociology as science?
Karl Marx
31
Who prominen scholar in sociology as science invented the communist manifesto?
KARL MARX
32
Political revolution was vital in the evolutionary process of society, the only means to achieve improvement of social conditions.
Which prominent scholar in sociology as science?
Karl marx
33
Birth of Sociology in his native England
- Social Darwinism
- "Survival of the Fittest"
Which prominent scholar in sociology as science?
Herbert spencer
34
First French Sociologist
- Individuals are more the products than creators of society.
Which prominent figure in the sociology as science category?
Emile Durkheim
35
Authored- “suicide”
Which prominent figure in the sociology as science category
Emile Durkheim
36
Interpretive sociology.
Which prominent figure in the sociology as science category?
Max weber
37
Qualitative methods, as well as quantitative methods, should be used in the study of social actions.
Which prominent figure in the sociology as science category?
Max weber
38
What is the first phase of sociology in the philippines.
Sociology was lookes upon as Social Philosophy
39
The second phase of sociology-?
Sociology was viewed as a problem or welfare-oriented discipline
40
What is the focus of second phase on sociology?
•Focus on analysis of crime, poverty,
unemployment
41
True or false, The second Phase of sociology in the Philippines had an abudant and extensive research.
False- Includes minimal research
42
This phase of sociology in the Philippines, sociology started to take the scientific orientation.
Third Phase
43
In the third phase of sociology in the Philippines, the number of academic pursuing social science research decreased. True or false?
False- during the third phase there is an increase in the number of academics
pursuing social science research
44
associated with how power is gained and employed to develop authority and influence in social affairs.
Anthropology, Sociology, or Political Science
Political science
45
Politics is allied with the government which is considered the ultimate authority. - To understand politics, we must recognize
P O AND J
POWER, ORDER AND JUSTICE
46
This is the ability to influence other.
POWER
47
This is attained through obedience to rules set by leaders.
Order
48
This is felt within a society when there is order.
Justice
49
Politics is played witn a style, depending on tne character and behavior of the leader. This is politics a/ as?
Politics as an art
50
Policymaking and government decisions should be done through research, investigation, analysis, validation, planning, execution, and evaluation. This is politics as a/an?
Science
51
School of thought
- A philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind
Paradigm
52
- A tentative assumption made to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences - An educated guess based on observations or evidence
Hypothesis
53
Hypothesis vs theory
- A hypothesis is an assumption that can be tested
- A theory is a principle formulated to explain a phenomenon and is backed up by data
54
Levels of Analysis
M&M
Marco View
Micro View
55
A hypothesis is an assumption that can be tested
- A theory is a principle formulated to explain a phenomenon and is backed up by data - Examples:
Society, Law, Technology, Language, Culture, Norms, Values
What level of analysis?
Macro View
56
———-in sociology looks at small-scale interactions
between individuals, sucn as conversation or group dynamics
- It involves the study of people in face-to-face
interaccons
- Examples: Patterns of behavior, Interactions, Perceptions, Beliefs. What level of analysis?
Micro View
57
Three major theories of Sociology.
F M L
FUNCTIONALISM
MANIFEST FUNCTION
LATENT FUNCTION
58
THIS IS WHAT HOLDS SOCIETY TOGETHER, WHAT MAJOR THEORY OF SOCIOLOGY?
FUNCTIONALISM
59
Society is a complex system whose parts function and work in harmony bringing stability in the process. WHAT MAJOR THEORY OF SOCIOLOGY?
FUNCTIONALISM
60
All actions and social structures serve a purpose even if the purpose is not apparent. WHAT MAJOR THEORY OF SOCIOLOGY?
FUNCTIONALISM
61
Created the concepts of manifest and latent function and dysfunction
ROBERT MERTON
62
Intended, recognized, and obvious beneticial outcomes
- Anticipated and intended goals deliberated to produce beneficial outcomes
WHAT FUNCTION?
MANIFEST FUNCTION
63
- Unintended and unrecognized consequences (positive or negative)
- Unanticipated consequences of an action; they are not publicly acknowledged or intended.
WHAT KIND OF FUNCTION?
LATENT FUNCTION
64
societal agreement on whats the greater good and how to achieve it
SOCIAL CONSENSUS
65
Argues that there are two types of social solidarity - mechanical and organic solidarity. WHO IS DAT?
EMILE DURKHEIM
66
I GIVE UP, AGREE OR DISAGREE
TRUE OR FALSE?
TRULY AGREE
67
SOCIAL COHESION ACHIEVED BY DOING SIMILAR WORK.
MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY
68
HOMOGENEITY OF INDIVIDUALS
CONFORMITY
69
CONNNECTIO THROUGH SIMILARITY
COLLECTIVE CONSIOUSNESS
70
SOCIAL COHESION THROUGH SPECIALIZED JOBS.
INTERDEPENDENCE OF INDIVIDUALS
ORGANIC SOLIDARITY
71
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF FUNCTIONALISM
STRENGTHS: F E
WEAKNESSS: I O
STRENGTHS: FOCUSES ONLY ON POSITIVE FUNCTIONS
EMPHASIZE SOCIAL INTEGRATION
WEAKNESSES: IGNORES CONFLICT AND DIVISION
OVER ENTHUSIASM IN VIEW OF SOCIETY
72
the philosophy of mind is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part.
(Just additional info) Functionalism
73
Interactions are symbolic, our responses are based
on the meanings we assign to things - rocuses on
now socialiteractions and people assien meanies
to things around them based on the interpretation of their interactions with others
Symbolic interactionism
74
The way to understand people
Verstehen
75
Philosophy of politics
I R R E
Idealism
Rationalism
Realism
Extremism
76
Thinks of ideas and tries to realize them
- Putting first the greater good in the use of power and influence. What philosophy of politics?
Idealism
77
- Example: Aspiring for a world without poverty
What type of politics?
Idealism
78
The power of reason over the reason of power
- Heavily based on logic. What philosophy of politics?
Rationalism
79
Animal abuse is wrong, what type of philosophy of politics?
Rationalism
80
Basec on facts and reality
- The exercise of power and influence should be built on reality. What type of philosophy of politics?
Realism
81
Do not adhere to societal norms
- Having polarized beliefs related to political issues. What type of philosophy of politics
Extremism
82
Example: The Abu Sayyaf Group
What philosophy of politics?
Extremism
83
Represents beliefs, practices, artifacts, and almost all social aspects including language, customs, norms, values, technologies, organizations, and institutions
among others ~ defines who we are
Culture
84
A group of people sharing a common territory and culture
Society
85
The idea that one's culture is above or superior to all others.
Ethnocentrism
86
Acceptance and respective of the
ditterences from the memners of a
society - Recognizing that each culture is different
Cultural relativism
87
Cultural Relativism in Mitigating Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentric behavior can be mitigated through recognizing and application of cultural relativism
- Cultural relativism can be practiced by recognizing that culture shapes what we consider beautiful, ugly, appealing, disgusting, etc., and that this should not
be the basis for evaluating other cultures
- It is important to have an open heart and an unbiased and critical mind to truly practice cultural
relativism
- Example: Colonialism was justified by ethnocentrism.
The way Europeans saw the natives as savage and uncivilized, they took it upon themselves to "civilize and tame" those they conquered through religion
and colonialism. Because of this, we saw now the Age of Exploration changed the history of the world where nose wno were conquered were Georived
88
Considered a legacy (Legacy - what remains after time)
- Human creation intended to inform
Cultural heritage
89
-Helps in understanding the way of living the
people of the past had and draw the landscape of what the world was
Cultural heritage
90
Intangible heritage are?
Not nnvsical or concrete
- Exists intellectually in a culture
- Examples: Songs, myths, beliefs, superstitions, oral poetry, stories, traditional knowledge Threats
91
Tangible heritage are?
- Perceptible, touchable, concrete, or physical
- Pnysical artifacts or objects significant to archaeology, architecture, science, or technology of a specific culture
- Examples: Clothing, utensils, vehicles, documents, buildings
92
Types of society
HG P H A I PI
Hunting and gathering
Pastoral
Horticultural
Agricultural
Industrial
Post- Industrial
93
Farliest form of socierv
- Small number - usually having less than 50 members
~ Nomadic
- Survival through hunting, gathering edible plants, fishing, etc.
- Mutually dependent through equal division of labor based on sex (men - hunters, women - gatherers)
Hunting and gathering
94
Rely on domesticating and breeding
or animals or rood and transporation -
Only move when land is not useable
- Allows job specialization
Pastoral
95
Rely on the cultivation of crops to survive
- Forced to relocate when water supply decreases or resources are
Depleted
Horticulture
96
Rely on technology to cultivate crops in larger areas
- Increase in productivity and allows people to stay in one area longer if there is an
abundance of food
- Towns and cities are formed. job specialization increases, and the economy becomes complex
Agricultural
97
Use advanced sources of energy to run large machinery leading to industrialization.
Industrial
98
Economy is based on services and technology, not production
- Economy is dependent on tangible goods
-brearer educarion recam ioorrant
- New communication tennologies allowed the variance of work locations
Aspects of Culture
Post industrial
99
Elements of culture
B V L T N
Belief
Values
Language
Technology
Norms
100
Elements of culture
Beliefs - conceptions or ideas people have about what is true in the environment around them. Mav be based on religion, common sense, folk wisdom,
science, or a combination of tnese.
- Values - What is appropriate or inappropriate in a given society. Broad, abstract, and shared to influence and guide societal behavior.
- Language - Shared set of spoken and written symbols Symbols - can be verbal or nonverbal). It is known as the storehouse of
culture.
- Technology - The application of knowledge and
equipment to ease living. Includes all artifacts, methods, and devices created and used by
people
- Norms - specific rules or standards to guide appropriate
benavior.
101
Characteristics of culture
1. Dynamic, Flexible, and Adaptive
2. Shared and may be Challenged
3. Learned through Socialization or Enculturation
4. Patterned Social Interactions
5. Integrated
6. Transmitted through Socialization or Enculturation
7. Requires Language and other forms of Communication
102
How to avoid Ethnocentrism
1. Study the cultural context in which action occurs
2. Determine the circumstances of
place, time, and condition surrounding it
3. Look into the reasoning behind any cultural element
103
Xenocentrism
Termed by john d fullmer.
104
The tendency for one to give preference to the ideas, lifestyles, and products of other cultures as a result of exposure to different cultural
practices
Xenocetrism
105
Who coined cultural relativism?
Franz boas
106
Highlights the perspective that no culture is superior to
another in terms or morality, law, polties, etc
- Culture has equal value
Cultural relativism
107
Types relativism
Moral
Situational
Cognitive
108
Typ of relativism that ethiccs depend on a social construct
Moral relativism
109
Right or wrong is Situational. What relativism?
Situational
110
Truth has no objective standard. What relativism
Cognitive
111
Claims of Cultural Relativists
1. Different societies have different moral codes
2. The moral code of a societv determines what is right or wrong within a society 3.
There are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times
4. The moral code of our own society nas no
special status; it is one among many b. It is arrogant for us to judge other cultures. We should always be tolerant of them. (Understand lang)
112
- Branch of anthropology that deals with fossilized remains, primate beginnings, and evolution
Physical biology
113
A specialized branch of anthropology utilizing primates or great apes such as chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans, for deriving an understanding of the human
evolutionar record
Primatology
114
The belief that life and universe id created by God.
Creativionism
115
a connection of the parts from the
Supreme God down to the last remains of things is mutually linked together and without break
Chains of being
116
The creation dated back?
4004 BC
117
Philosopher suggested that animals and plants can be extinct becuasse all things are linked together, true or false
False- philosophers suggested that animals and plants cannot be extinct because all things were linked together, and all things were necessary.
118
Earliest and least known of the Robust
Australopithecines.
Aethiopicus
119
Australopithecus that has large dentition and huge cheekbones.
Aethiopicus
120
New australopithecine species
Robustus
121
Existed in east and south africa between 2.5 mil and 1.4 mil years ago.
Robust Australopithecines
122
Has larger teeth, massive jaw, and flatter face than A.
Africanus
Robustus
123
Direct ancestors of humans
Hominids
124
an early human ancestor characteristic suggesting that they primarily lived on trees before naving to move to me land terrestrialism aue to a reduction in food resources
Arboreality
125
First direct ancestors of humans
Hominids
126
First defined hominids
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
127
Farlest australonirnecine snecies
- Found in some regions in Northern Kenya
GRACILE AUSTRA…
128
Most represented australopithecine species
AFARENSIS
129
"Southern Ape of Africa"
Australopithecus Africans
130
HOMO SAPIENS APPEARED HOW MANY YEARS AGO
50,000
131
THIS IS THE TIME WHEN CULTIVATION OF CROPS AND ANIMALS DOMESTICATIN STARTED
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
132
THIS STARTED AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
133
ANIMAL DOMESTICATION STARTED AROUND?
10,000BCE
134
THE EARLY CIVILIZATION STARTED IN?
INDUS VALLEY
135
ANCIENT CITIES ARE?
HARRAPA AND MOHENJO-DARO
136
system of government in which all the people of a state or polity
DEMOCRACY
