UCSP SECOND SEM Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
a process individuals go through all throughout their lifetime.
A
ENCULTURATION
2
Q
- A conscious and unconscious process starting from birth until death
- Happens through education, family, peers, and other individuals who socialize with a
person throughout their lifetime.
A
ENCULTURATION
3
Q
Through enculturation, a person learns and understands social norms, values, behavior,
language, and culture.
TRUE OF FALSE
A
TRUE
4
Q
Through socialization, a person learns and understands social norms, values, behavior,
language, and culture.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
FALSE- ENCULTURATION
5
Q
Because of enculturation, a person becomes aware of their rights, obligations, and
privileges as a member of a society.
TRUE OR FALSE
A
TRUE
6
Q
Because of socialization, a person becomes aware of their rights, obligations, and
privileges as a member of a society.
TRUE OR FALSE?
A
FALSE- Enculturation
7
Q
In encutulturation, There should be a common and universal consensus existing within a society for norms to
be effective and successful.
True or false
A
True
8
Q
processes and techniques observed by members of society towards an acceptable, proper, and desirable way of living.
A
SOCIALIZATION
9
Q
ENCULTURATION VS SOCIALIZATION
A
- Socialization is a process that helps individuals acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to function within their culture. Enculturation, on the other hand, is about understanding and embracing the culture itself.
10
Q
Every member if a ssociety has their own ——— or roles.
What is mentioned?
A
Status
11
Q
Two types of status
A
Ascribed and achieved
12
Q
What type of status is obtained through birth
Ex. Sex, race, ancestry, etc.
A
Ascribed Status
13
Q
What type of status is obtained through one’s achievement?
Ex. Educational degree, profession, marriage, etc.
A
Achieved status
14
Q
What an individual is expected to do given their status
A
Role
15
Q
Hierarchy of social worth
A
Social stratification
16
Q
society’s categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power
A
Social stratification
17
Q
an intangible idea of one’s self respect, self-esteem, and self-regard
A
Human dignity
18
Q
“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”
This is from what article?
A
Article I of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
19
Q
Human dignity is immeasurable, personal and invaluable, when it is attacked degradation and humiliation is experienced hindering one’s self-development.
True or False?
A
True
20
Q
Human dignity is not immeasurable, personal and invaluable, when it is attacked degradation
and humiliation is experienced hindering one’s self-development.
True or false
A
False
21
Q
All humans are entitled to having rights regardless of skin color, age, height, race, etc.
A
Fr
22
Q
The protection of human dignity has been an integral part of our society which is why
offices like ————— is established to oversee the
implementation of human rights in the country.
What is in the blank?
A
Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
23
Q
a concept which guarantees equality, freedom from degrading behavior, discrimination, and prejudicial views.
A
HUMAN RIGHTS
24
Q
A set of privileges as a human
- Respecting others and their rights is important for the common good
- Whenever our human rights are protected, so is our human dignity
A
HUMAN RIGHTS
25
HOW MANY HUMAN RIGHTS ARE IN THE UDHR?
30
26
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ADOPTED WHAT?
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF A CHILD
27
10 PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN
1. The right to equality, without distinction on account of race, religion, or national origin.
2. The right to special protection for the child’s physical, mental, and social development.
3. The right to a name and a nationality.
4. The right to adequate nutrition, housing, and medical services.
5. The right to special education and treatment when a child is physically or mentally handicapped.
6. The right to understanding and love by parents and society.
7. The right to recreational activities and free education.
8. The right to be among the first to receive relief in all circumstances.
9. The right to protection against all forms of neglect, cruelty, and exploitation.
10. The right to be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among
peoples, and universal brotherhood.
28
The 30 Basic Human Rights in the UDHR
1. We are all free and equal. We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all be treated in the same way.
2. Don’t discriminate. These rights belong to everybody, whatever our differences.
3. The right to life. We all have the right to life, and to live in freedom and safety.
4. No slavery – past and present. Nobody has any right to make us a slave. We cannot make
anyone our slave.
5. No Torture. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us.
6. We all have the same right to use the law. I am a person just like you!
7. We are all protected by the law. The law is the same for everyone. It must treat us all fairly.
8. Fair treatment by fair courts. We can all ask for the law to help us when we are not treated
fairly.
9. No unfair detainment. Nobody has the right to put us in prison without a good reason and
keep us there, or to send us away from our country.
10. The right to trial. If we are put on trial this should be in public. The people who try us
should not let anyone tell them what to do.
11. Innocent until proven guilty. Nobody should be blamed for doing something until it is
proven. When people say we did a bad thing we have the right to show it is not true.
12. The right to privacy. Nobody should try to harm our good name. Nobody has the right to
come into our home, open our letters or bother us or our family without a good reason.
13. Freedom to move. We all have the right to go where we want in our own country and to
29
SUPREME GOAL OF THE GOVERNMENT AND STATE
PROMOTING AND PROTECTING THE COMMON GOOD
30
the sum total of the conditions of social life which enable people to enjoy basic human rights as members of the society.
THE COMMON GOOD
31
A collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place - No significant interaction or identity with one another
SOCIAL AGGREGATE
32
People who share a common characteristic.
EX GENDER, OCCUPATION, ETC.
THEY DO NOT INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER
SOCIAL CATEGORIES
33
Not just a collection of beings
- The need for common interests to necessitate interaction with each other
GROUPS
34
A collection of individuals who have regular contact, frequent interaction, mutual
influence, and common feeling of belongingness and work together towards a common
goal
- Example: Family, Peer group, Interest group
- The quality of feeling one has for and with the other individuals in the group
GROUP
35
Collection of people who regularly interact with one another on basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and share a sense of common identity
SOCIAL GROUP
36
KINDS OF GROUP LIFE
PSRIO
PRIMARY GROUP
SECONDARY GROUP
REFERENCE GROUP
IN GROUP
OUT GROUP
37
Direct and personal interactionCharacterized by personal orientation, long-term
relationships, and broadly-defined relationships
- Tremendous influence in individual members
- Examples: Families and close friendships
WHAT KIND OF GROUP LIFE?
PRIMARY GROUP
38
- Goal oriented
- Short-term and variable relationships
- Narrowly-defined relationships
- Examples: Coworkers and political organization
Secondary Groups - Members have casual contact
39
serve as a point of reference in one’s decision making and evaluation
- Provides a standard
- Serve as models for decisions we make
- Example: KPop stars and classmates
REFERENCE GROUP
40
Strong involvement
- Invokes a sense of loyalty and identification
WHAT KIND OF GROUP LIFE?
INGROUP
41
groups you do not identify with
- Feelings of competition or opposition
- Tendency to dislike or reject people outside of your group
WHAT KIND OF GROUP LIFE?
OUT GROUP
42
When members seek satisfaction by being like the other members
When members seek satisfaction by being like the other members
43
Concluded two main reasons for conformity: (1) people want to be liked by the group or
(2) they believe the group is better informed than they are
Solomon Asch's Research
44
- Explored the willingness of individuals to follow the orders of authorities when those
orders conflict with the individual's own moral judgment
- People obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative--even when acting
against their own better judgment and desires
- His research demonstrated how far people will go to obey authority
STANLEY MILGRAM’S RESEARCH
45
Involves acting or agreeing with the majority in a specific group and behaving in a way
that is seen as usual by those people
SOLOMON ASCH’S RESEARCH
46
a community of people occupying a definite portion of the Earth’s surface
- Has its own government
- Inhabitants render habitual obedience free from outside control
- A political concept
STATE
47
FOUR ELEMENTS OF STATE
PTGS
PEOPLE
NATION
GOVERNMENT
SOVEREIGNTY
48
Composed of both males and females for the purpose of reproduction
WHAT ELEMENT OF STATE?
PEOPLE
49
- Fixed and bounded portion of land
WHAT ELEMENT OF STATE
TERRITORY
50
The body where people, through representatives, can express their desires.
WHAT ELEMENT OF STATE?
GOVERNMENT
51
Supreme power of the state to rule itself without interference from other states
WHAT KIND OF ELEMENT OF STATE?
SOVEREIGNTY
52
Should be established by the people themselves
- The people should follow the law and respect the authority
WHAT ELEMENT OF STATE
GOVERNMENT
53
A STATE CAN EXIST WITHOUT A GOVERNMENT. TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE
54
A state is an independent entity where people enjoy freedom
- A territory is not a state if it is not independent
WHAT ELEMENT OF STATE
SOVEREIGNITY
55
- Inhabitants have the responsibility to protect and conserve it.
- People must be able to defend their state from invaders justifying the use of force.
WHAT KIND OF ELEMENT OF STATE ?
TERRITORY
56
Refers to the people who have a common origin, language, beliefs, and customs - Focuses on the people and their cultural commonality
- An ethnic concept
NATION
57
Origins of state
D S F
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
FORCE THEORY
58
The state was created by God for the people
WHAT ORIGIN OF A STATE?
DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
59
People agreed to establish the state for their common benefit
WHAT ORIGIN OF A STATE?
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
60
State was established through the use of force in order for people to follow.
WHAT ORIGIN OF STATE?
FORCE THEORY
61
Makes laws, policies, and programs for the state
- Protects the national territory and the people from invaders and lawless elements with the
help of the Armed Forces
GOVERNMENT
62
FORMS OF DEMOCRACY
D M A/0 D/A
DEMORACY
MONARCHY
ARISTOCRACY/ OLIGARCHY
DICTATORIAL/ AUTHORITARIAN
63
TWO KINDS OF DEMOCRACY
DIRECT AND INDIRECT
64
The power of the government is exercised directly by the people.
WHAT KIND OF DEMOCRACY?
DIRECT DEMOCRACY
65
The power of the government is exercised by the people through representatives
- Citizens elect representatives to govern the state
- Examples: Philippines, United States, Canada
WHAT KIND OF DEMOCRACY ?
INDIRECT
66
TWO TYPES OF MONARCHY
AL
ABSOLUTE AND LIMITED
67
Power of the government is in the hands of a monarch
- Succeeding kings (monarchs) would also come from the same bloodline.
WHAT KIND OF MONARCHY?
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
68
- AKA Constitutional Monarchy
- Power of the government is based on what is written in the constitution
- The presence of a separate leader from the monarch helps govern the state
- Examples: United Kingdom, Thailand, Malaysia
WHAT KND OF MONARCHY ?
LIMITED MONARCHY
69
The power of the government is in the hands of the wealthiest/privileged class
- The wealth translates to political control
ARISTOCRACY/ OLIGARCHY
70
Power is exercised and controlled by one person or a small group of people
- There is no freedom in this type of government
- Example: The Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos, Sr.
DICTATORIAL OR AUTHORITARIAN
71
Three major branches of the ph government.
LEJ
LEGISLATIVE
EXECUTIVE
JUDICIARY
72
Enact, amend, and repeal laws.
WHAT MAJOR BRANCH OF PH GOV?
LEGISLATIVE
73
In-charge with the administration of laws and of the state.
WHAT KIND OF MAJOR BRANCH OF PH GOV.
EXECUTIVE
74
Interprets the law. WHAT KIND MAJOR BRANCH OF LAW?
JUDICIARY
75
- Can also investigate in aid of legislation, decide electoral controversies through the
Electoral Tribunal (decides on all contests on the election, returns, and qualifications of the Members of Senate), confirm appointments made by the president
WHAT KIND OF MAJOR BRANCH OF PH GOV
LEGISLATIVE
76
Ensures that the laws are implemented
- Headed by the president and is assisted by the vice president
- Includes cabinet members who are appointed by the president
WHAT KIND OF MAJOR BRANCH IN PH GOV
EXECUTIVE
77
Includes the Supreme Court and the lower courts
- Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice and fourteen associate justices
- Lower courts: Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Courts, Metropolitan Trial Courts,
Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
- Also includes the Court of Tax Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Shari’ah Courts
WHAT KIND OF MAJO BRANCH OF PH GOV.
JUDICIARY
78
Organizations supporting common ideologies, principles, and policies for the general
administration of the government
- Primary goal is to gain control of the government
POLITICAL PARTIES
79
TYPE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
C M
CADRE PARTIES
MASS PARTIES
80
Members come from elite local organizations
CADRE PARTIES
81
Cause-oriented PARTY
MASS PARTIESS
82
Influenced by the federal form of government
- Federalism: Power is divided between the central government and local state
governments. Each state shall be empowered to handle their own laws, finances, development plans, health, education, and infrastructure, among others.
CADRE PARTIES
83
Involvement comes from the quest to create public policy from their policy preference
- Commonly comes from representatives of interest groups like landowners, labor forces,
trade unions, and financial and commercial sectors
MASS PARTIES
84
When resources and wealth of a country are improperly allocated, there would be people
who get more and others would get less
- Poverty is a result of unequal distribution of wealth
Social Inequality by Unequal Distribution of Wealth
85
Exploit wealth and enjoy economic and social privileges
Capitalists and Oligarchs
86
is achieved when both men and women benefit from the same rights and
opportunities
- Collides with the patriarchal culture of society
Gender equality issues
87
- States integrate with one another to establish strong economic cooperation
Globalization
88
Increase in Earth’s average temperature due to greenhouse gasses
Global warming
89
long-term change in the Earth’s climate
Climate change
90
Due to industrialization, there has been an increase in activities that harm the
environment leading to global warming and climate change
91
Members of a political community
- Submits themselves to the government to promote common good and for the protection
of rights
Citizen
92
Responsible for protecting the interests of its people
Governmwntt
93
Duties of a citizen, give three exmples
Be loyal to the Republic
● Defend the State
● Contribute to the development and welfare of the State
Conflict in the Southern Philippines
● Uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
● Cooperate with duly-constituted authorities
● Exercise rights responsibly with due regard for the rights of others
● Engage in gainful work
● Register and vote
94
Challenges of the state
PETECUS
Poverty
Education
Terrorism
Environmental issues
Corruption
Unemployment nd underremployment
Sovereignity
95
state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial
resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living.
What challenge of state?
Poverty
96
Inability of people to acquire specialized skills, such as cognitive skills, socialization, memorization of facts which are necessary for personal development and
the development of society.
What kind of challenge of state?
Education
97
The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.
What kind of challenge of the state?
Terrorism
98
The harmful effects of human activities on the environment.
What kind of challenge of the state?
Environmental issues
99
- dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power typically involving
money
WHAT KIND OF CHALLENGE OF THE STATE?
CORRUPTION
100
refers to the number of people who want a job and do not have one.
WHAT KIND OF CHALLENGE OF STATE?
UNEMPLOYMENT
101
t - represents people who are working in a job that does not match their skills or abilities, often leading to earning less than what he or she should earn.
WHAT KIND OF CHALLENGES OF STATE?
UNDEREMPLOYMENT
102
absence of independence and freedom in the state
SOVEREIGNITY
103
SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY TIMES
SGID
SOCIAL INEQUALITIES BY UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
GENDER EQUALITY ISSUES
INDEGINOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
104
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE DOMESTIC ARENA
THE PLIGHT OF FILIPINO LABORERS
ARMED CONFLICT IN THE SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
105
TYPES OF EDUCATION
FORMAL
NONFORMAL
INFORMAL
106
Sickness are caused by supernatural beings. WHAT KIND OF DOCTOR?
ALBULARYO
107
HOW DOES ALBULARYO HEAL PEOPLE
Bulong/oration ● Rituals
108
THIS KIND OF DOCTOR DIAGNOSE SPRAINS AND FRACTURES
MANGHIHILOT
109
HOW DOES MANGHIHILOT HEAL?
BULONG/ ORATION AND MASSAGE
110
Determines cause of illness by using potassium alum, candles, eggs, mirror, plain paper, and paper used for rolling cigarettes
WHAT KIND OF DOCTOR?
MANGTATAWAS
111
HOW DOES MANGTATAWAS HEAL?
● Bulong/oration
● Rituals
● Recommendation to other
folk doctors
112
Determines cause based on the appearance formed from a burned mixture of water, shell, salt, palm leaf, and charcoal from coconut shell. What kind of doctor?
Manglulukop
113
How does manglulukop heal?
Bulong/oration
● Rituals
● Recommendation to other
folk doctors
114
Illness is caused by sorcery. What kind of doctor?
Mangbabarang
115
How does mangbabarang heal?
Bulong/oration o rituals
116
The process of enhancing the holistic abilities of an individual toward becoming a responsible citizen.
Education
117
The Philippine Constitution holds on to the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and that the State shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. What article?
(Section 1 Article 14)
118
● Institutional
● Hierarchical
● Standardized and organized
(Curriculum based)
● Diplomas and certificates upon
accomplishment
● Example: School
What type of education?
Formal
119
● Organized and systematic education activity
● Flexible and diversified curriculum adapting to learners
● Complements formal education
● No certification
● Example: Sports programs and
Professional Seminars
What type of education?
Nonformal education
120
● Lifelong process
● Does not require organized curriculum
or system
● Learning by participating in a society
● Example: Going to Museums,
Learning your Mother tongue language
What kind of education?
Informal education
121
The belief in and worship of a superhuman power or powers, especially a God or gods - A particular system of faith and worship
Religion
122
The belief that spirits and supernaturals dwell everywhere
- The spirits and supernaturals mostly have ties with nature
- Expressed adoration through idols (Anito)
- Bathalang Maykapal - Supreme Being, the Creator
- Babaylan/Katalona - Spiritual leaders
Animism
123
The biggest religion in the country
- Sixteenth Century
- Brought by Spanish missionaries
- God is the creator and sustainer of everything
Christianity
124
Sacred text of Christianity
Bible
125
Triune God of Christianity
Father, Son and Holy Spirit
126
The first organized religion to reach the Philippine Islands
- Fourteenth Century
ISLAM
127
brough Islamism to the Philippines
- Sheikh Karim ul’ Makhdum
128
one of the oldest Mosques in South East Asia.
- Sheikh Karimul Makhdum Mosque -
129
Founder of Islam, Prophet
MUHAMMAD
130
SACRED TEXT OF ISLAM
QU’RAN
131
PLACE OF WORSHIP FOR ISLAM
MOSQUE
132
HOLY CITY FOR MUSLIMS
MECCA
133
Began during the time of Abraham who received revelations from God or Yahweh
JUDAISM
134
HEBRE BIBLE
TORAH
135
Sacred temple or place of worship.
SYNAGOGUE
136
- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
- Ancient Filipinos believe illnesses were caused by supernatural entities
- Prayers and sacrifices by a Babaylan were performed to cure illnesses
- Folk doctors - believes their healing skills came from supernatural beings or is a gift
HEALTH
137
believes their healing skills came from supernatural beings or is a gift
FOLK DOCTORS
138
serves as the structure of the study. It gives direction to the study and makes the research more systematic.
Research design
139
Types of quantitative research designs
Experimental and non-experimental
140
– is a quantitative research design that bases its research method on scientific activity called experiment, in which test or examination of a thing under manipulated or controlled environment is sone to determine its validity or truthfulness.
Experimental research design
141
– is a quantitative research design that is capable of giving qualitative and quantitative data, but more on qualitative data. Hence, this is often used in the field or social sciences.
Non-experimental design
142
Experimental research design has two types.
QT
Quasi-experimental and True experimental
143
Non-experimental has 4 types
CCDS
Correlational, Comparative, Survey and descriptive
144
Prone to bias caused by your purposive rather than random selection of participants. This is used to investigate causal relationships when the researcher cannot (or doesn’t want to) randomly assign participants.
What type of experimental research design?
Quasi-experimental
145
Random selection of participants. It’s a bias free selection that ensures objectivity of results. This is the best way to examine causal relationship.
What kind of experimental research design?
True experimental
146
States the difference or similarities between or among people, things, objects, etc. It compares the variables but it does not focus on the relationship.
What type of non experimental research
147
- An effect of globalization where it favors the deregulation of markets and
industries, the lowering of taxes and tariffs, and the privatization of government functions, passing them over to private business
neoliberalism
