UE function and Dementia Flashcards
1
Q
the process by which various brain ans spinal centers work cooperatively to accommodate the demands of intended movements
A
systems theory
Reaching, grasping and manipulating
2
Q
sensory info on characteristics of object
A
Weight
Firmness
shape
slickness
3
Q
timing problems
impaired inter-limb coordination
proximal weakness
A
reach dysfunction
4
Q
anticipatory hand shape grip force precision grip premature finger closure slow release
A
grasp dysfunction
5
Q
knowledge acquisition comprehension thinking knowing remembering
A
temporo-parietal areas
6
Q
judgment
problems solving
imagination
planning
A
frontal areas
7
Q
Types of memory
A
sensory
working memory
Long term memory
8
Q
Sensory memory
A
9
Q
Working memory
A
10
Q
long term memory
A
Lifetime explicit memory (conscious) implicit memory (unconscious)
11
Q
Explicit memory
A
Declarative memory
12
Q
declarative memory
A
facts events
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
13
Q
Episodic memory
A
autobiography
14
Q
Semantic memory
A
facts
concepts
15
Q
implicit memory
A
procedural memory
16
Q
procedural memory
A
skills
17
Q
what is it?
A
occipital lobes
18
Q
How does it relate to me
A
temporal lobes
19
Q
how do i feel about it
A
limbic system
20
Q
what do i think about it
A
frontal lobe
21
Q
brain aging begins between ages
A
20 and 30
22
Q
disturbance of consciousness change in cognition acute onset (hours to days) Fluctuating symptoms evidence of medical etiology Strong predictor of poor functional and cognitive status in the year following hospital admission
A
delirium
23
Q
Confusion assessment method CAM
Diagnosis of delirium requires
A
- acute onset and fluctuating course
- altered level of consciousness
- inattention
- Disorganized thinking
presence of both 1 and 2 and either 3 or 4
24
Q
impairments in thinking and memory that do not interfere with every day activities
A
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
25
MCI memory only
amnestic type
26
MCI judgment and or language
Multi-domain
27
```
forgets names
loses objects
forgets items on a list
forgets multiple tasks
forgets phone numbers
unable to recall info after distraction
Score >1 SD below mean on memory test
```
symptoms of MCI
28
```
Reaction time
dual task performance
word fluency
category fluency
delayed verbal recall
narrative recall
name face pair recall
complex figure copying
```
detection of MCI
29
syndrome of impairment in memory and at least one other cognitive ability
language
visuospatial function
executive funtion
dementia
30
coherent speech or ability to understand spoken or written language
language
31
recognition of common objects
visuospatial function
32
motor function, abstract and complex thought, and/or judgment
executive function
33
```
fogetfulness
confusion
weight loss
sleep disturbance
gait abnormalities
ADL deficits
```
Early signs of dementia
34
protein accumulation outside the neurons
beta amyloid
| plaques
35
accumulation inside the neurons
tau protien
| tangles
36
disorientation, loss of insight
loss of logical reasoning, poor judgement
perceptual problems, inability to perform arithmetic
inability to learn, loss of attention
language impairment, apathy
withdrawal, impaired ADLs
cognitive AD symptoms
37
```
paranoia, delusions
sleep disturbance, hallucinations
agitation/aggression, wandering/sundowning
anxiety, depression
hostility, fear, jealousy, insecurity
```
non cognitive AD symptoms
38
```
repeats questions
anhedonia
word finding problems
frequently loses items
personality changes
```
stage 1: 2-4 years
39
```
becomes lost easily
confusion over recent events
ADL impairments
Argumentative
Pacing
Anxiety/depression
delusions
```
stage 2: 2-10 years
40
unable to perform ADLs
impaired speech/comprehension
Unable to recognize family/friends
Unable to recognize self
stage 3: 1-3 years
41
diagnostic criteria for AD
deficit in memory and at least one other cognitive domain
decline from previous function that interferes with social or occupational functioning
Gradual onset and continuous decline (>6 mo)
Not due to other systemic, CNS, psychiatric, or drug induced condition
Consciousness remains unaltered
42
```
Hemiparesis
visual deficits
incontinence
pseudobulbar signs
executive deficits
psychomotor impairment
personality/mood change
hyperreflexia
gait disturbance
```
Symptoms of VD
43
CADASIL
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with sub-cortical infarts and luekoencephalopathy
44
inherited genetic mutation
strong association with migraines
palliative treatment
CADASIL
45
clinical syndrome of varying pathologies
frototemporal dementias
46
monitoring
orbitofrontal area
47
motivation
anterior cingulate
48
executive functions
dorsolateral prefrontal areas
49
characterized by pick bodies and cells - abnormal formation and accumulation of tau protein in neurons
selective for frontal and temporal lobes
Picks disease
50
```
aggressive, inappropriate behavior
early onset of language pathology
incontinence
sociopathic, obsessive or steriotyped behaviors
may occur with parkinsonianism
```
picks disease
51
associated with left temporal dysfunction
loss of semantic memory and knowledge
initial sparing of episodic memory and other cognitive functions
impairment on language syntax, phonology
Semantic Dementia
52
Loss of expressive language
| comprehension often spared, especially in early stages
primary progressive aphasia
53
accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein inside neural nuclei
| close associations with parkinson's disease and AD
Lewy body Dementia
54
```
Striking fluctuations in cognition
visual hallucinations
Bradykinesia
parkinsonian posture and gait
tremor is less common, usually less severe
```
Lewy body dementia
55
People with cognitive impairment CANNOT
comprehend the environment
adapt to the environment
Cope with the environment
