UIP CH3 Flashcards

Question

Tell me about underwater sonar...

Answer 1

In general, a lower frequency increases the distance at which an image can be captured, and a higher frequency with a smaller beam width results in clearer images.

Answer 2

``` 1 - Corrosion of steel reinforcement 2 - Repetitive freezing & thawing of moist concrete 3 - Abrasion 4 - Chemical Deterioration 5 - Structural overloading ```

Answer 3

Cracking Disintegration - overall decay of the concrete involving loss of strength of the cement and sand paste, and subsequent loosening or loss of coarse aggregate particles. Spalling - a localized area or fragment of concrete falling away from the structure.

Answer 4

The water to concrete ratio. The lower the Water to concrete ratio the less porous the concrete. This limits the rate at which water, dissolved oxygen, and chloride ions reach the reinforcing steel, and lengthens the time for corrosion of the rebar to damage the concrete.

Answer 5

Moisture or water in porous concrete exposed to subfreezing temperatures *One of the most common causes of concrete deterioration in the tidal and splash zones

Answer 6

Is the erosion of a concrete surface by the physical action (impact and rubbing) of externa loadings or abrading agents. Deck slabs are subject to abrasion by vehicular traffic and loading equipment.

Answer 7

The combining of sulfates in seawater with chemicals in the cement paste, referred to as sulfate attack.

Answer 8

Dead and live loads exceeding the bearing capacity of the pile, also could be from overstressing the pile at the time of pile driving.

Answer 9

Cause by moisture or temperature change. Hardened concrete that loses internal water due to evaporation and Temp decrease of concrete will cause contraction. Increases in moisture content by absorbing water or increases in temperature will swell or expand.

Answer 10

1. Congestion of reinforcing steel 2. Lack of adequate cover for reinforcing steel 3. Abrupt change in size of section 4. Re-entrant corners 5. Lack of chamfers and fillets at corners 6. Rigid joints between precast units 7. Construction joint leakage 8. Poorly designed scuppers, drips, and curb slots 9. Inadequate drainage 10. Too little gap at expansion joints 11. Incompatibility of materials or sections.

Answer 11

1 - Magnetic rebar locator 2 - Rebound hammer - surface hardness tester 3- Ultrasonic System

Answer 12

Do not operate the rebound hammer with the impact plunger in contact with human body parts; serious injury can result

Answer 13

Shrinkage Damage Overloading Structural Connection Corrosion Abrasion Damage Ice Heaving (Pile rises)

Answer 14

Shipworms -Tropical climates 6 FT in length and 3 IN in diameter -North America 6 to 8 IN in length and 1/2 In in diameter Wood Gribbles- Small 1/8 to 1/4IN Pholdds - 2 to 2 1/2 IN long and 1 IN in diameter

Answer 15

Using a “Barnacle Buster” or other types of high-pressure water blasters. Clean small areas with wire brushes and scrapers.

Answer 16

With a 3 pound sledge hammer Ice pick or increment borer is cores are to be taken Ruler or tape measure Bought or made calipers

Answer 17

A color Chart

Answer 18

``` Atmospheric Zone Splash Zone Tidal Zone Submerged Zone Mud Zone ```

Answer 19

Photographs should be numbered, dated & labeled with a brief description of the subject

Answer 20

1. Open- and closed-bottom commercial lift bags 2. 8.4-ton salvage pontoons 3. Variable-buoyancy zipper lift bags 4. Fixed-displacement Kevlar lift bags.

Answer 21

Open-bottom lift bags *available in sizes ranging from 50 to 12,000 pounds.

Answer 22

Closed-bottom lift bags are generally used for lifting objects from the seafloor to the surface and not the reverse. *available in sizes with lift capabilities of 200 to 20,000 pounds.

Answer 23

Select closed-bottom lift bags so that the underwater weight of the lifted object is at least 80 percent of the bag’s lift capacity.

Answer 24

All lift bags and rigging shall be thoroughly inspected before use. Failure could result in serious injury to the diver. Inexperienced operators should not operate lift bags.

Answer 25

Kevlar lines Same diameter as wire rope and compatible with existing winch and sheaves do not surge or snap back like nylon or polyester lines can be easily terminated by an eye splice, like a wire rope.

Answer 26

``` NI - Not Inspected (Inaccessible or passed by) ND- No Defects - Hairline Cracks - Good original surface, hard material MN - Minor Defects -Good Original Surface -Minor Cracks or Pits -Slight rust stains -hard material, sound -Corrosion of the wires ```

Answer 27

``` MD - Moderate Defects - limited spalling of concrete - minor corrosion of the exposed re-bar - rust stains along re-bar - reinforcing steel ties exposed - pop-outs of impact damage MJ - Major Defects *Spalling of concrete results in (10-15%) loss* - large spall - deep wide cracks along rebar - major rust strains along rebar - wide spread surface disintegration ```

Answer 28

SV - Severe Defects - exposed rebar with 50% loss of steel section area * More than 15% loss of concrete*

Answer 29

``` NI - Not Inspected, inaccessible or passed by ND - No Defects *Less than 5% list material* -Sound surface material -No evidence of borer damage MN - Minor Defects *5% to 15% lost material* -Sound surface material -no evidence of borer damage -minor abrasion damage ```

Answer 30

``` MD - Moderate Defects *15% to 45% lost material* -Significant loss of outer shell material -Evidence of borer damage -Significant abrasion damage MJ - Major Defects *45% to 75% lost material* -Significant loss of outer shell & interior material -Evidence of severe borer damage -Severe abrasion damage ```

Answer 31

SV - Severe Defects * More thank 75% lost material* - No remaining structural strength - Severe borer damage

Answer 32

Comes in 90FT lengths called shots | It can be cast forged or dilock

Answer 33

Foundation Deterioration