Uk and Kenya case studies Flashcards
(10 cards)
What water issues has the uk attempted to sustainably manage?
The mismatch between the places with the greatest supply of water and the greatest demand.
Overconsumption - eg, people consume more water than they need by using things like hosepipes and washing machines.
What water issues has Kenya attempted to sustainably manage?
Kenya’s northern region has a very arid climate and is vulnerable to water shortages,
About 70% of people in Kenya don’t have access to improved sanitation (toilet and sewage systems) and 38% don’t have access to clean drinking water. Many of these people live in rural areas.
International strategies of the UK to manage water sustainability
In 2000, the UK signed up to the EU water framework directive, which provided new standards for water quality and required the uk to increase its monitoring of water quality and pollution. This has helped indenting where management is most needed.
International strategies of Kenya to manage water sustainability
Kenya receives aid from international charities and organisations eg. Oxfam, these organisations provide funding and technical support to develop water infrastructure eg. By working with private companies to install ‘water ATMs’ in cities.
national strategies of the UK to manage water sustainability
The uk government funded plug-it, a scheme that designed training for people working in the water industry, eg. Plumbers, to persuade their customers to choose water efficient plumbing.
The environment agency changed abstraction licenses (permissions for industries and water companies to take water from rivers of groundwater), reducing the amount of water being abstracted by 30 billion litres per year.
national strategies of kenya to manage water sustainability
Kenyan law recognises the right to safe water and sanitation as a basic human right, so the government is legally obliged to make sure that everyone has access to clean water.
The government set up the water services trust fund to achieve this - the fund has run over 800 water projects eg. Building water kiosks and toilets, reaching over 4 million people.
Regional strategies of the UK to manage water sustainability
Some regional water boards introduce hosepipes bans during droughts to reduce consumption.
Regional water companies can also help address supply-demand problems by trading water. In the 1970s, the Ely Ouse to Essex transfer scheme was set up to divert water from the river ely Ouse in Norfolk, where demand is low, to rivers and reservoirs in Essex, where demand is high. This now provided 30% of Essex’s water supply.
Regional strategies of Kenya to manage water sustainability
People from local communities have formed water resource users associations in the Mara river basin, which includes the popular tourist area of the Maasai Mara.
These associations have been monitoring water quality in the river and making sure businesses do not cause pollution - one association took a hotel to do jet for illegally releasing its sewage into the river.
Individual strategies of the UK to manage water sustainability
Many people have installed water meters in their homes, so that they are charged for the exact amount of water they use, instead of paying a flat rate. people use less water to save money eg. By installing water efficient washing machines.
Farmers have adopted water-saving technologies eg. Rainwater harvesting systems on barn roofs.
Individual strategies of Kenya to manage water sustainability
People in Machakos district, a semi-arid rural area, have built sand dams with support from international charity.
These dams are easy and cheap to built. Water gathers in the sand behind the dam during the short rainy season. The sand stops the water from evaporating.
