Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE Geography > UK in the 21st century > Flashcards

UK in the 21st century Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Describe the physical characteristics of the UK.

A

mountainous in north and west
flat in south and east
north and west sparsely populated with less roads and settlements
south and east densely populated and are suited to roads, settlements and railways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe rainfall patterns in the UK

A

highest in north and west - average 2500mm
lowest in south and west - average 500 - 635mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the main type of rainfall in uk?

A

relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does relief rainfall work in the uk?

A

prevailing winds from southwest have moisture and are carried up due to the uplands where they precipitate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the rain shadow?

A

the are behind the uplands, where there is low moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a cause of water stress in the UK?

A

demand of water in south and east, where there is little rainfall.
increased water usage domestically, industrially and agriculturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some solutions to water stress?

A

water can be transferred by pipelines or rivers
construct reservoirs in south and east
greater water conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the land like in the UK?

A

coniferous woodlands in north
grasslands in west
arable farmland dominating
urban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give the percentages of the 3 most abundant types of land in the UK

A

52% - grasslands
20% - arable farmland
14% - urban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are grasslands ideal for and why?

A

ideal for cattle and sheep due to mild and wet climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are house prices increasing?

A

increasing population requires 240,00 new houses to be built but only half are being built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where in the demographic transition model is the UK and why?

A

stage 4 because birth rate and death rate are low and fluctuating but there is relatively little natural change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is UK population and what is it predicted to reach in 2030?

A

65 million, 70 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reasons for population growth in UK

A

natural increase
net migration
life expectancy being higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Future of growth for the UK

A

ageing population as low birth rate and death rate along w better healthcare and more people choosing to have children later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the distribution of population in the UK.

A

sparsely populated in northern Scotland due to mountainous landscape and harsh climate
mostly dense population elsewhere due to moderate climate and good transportation routes
Very dense in South East, in cities such as London, due to employment, shops and entertainment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some factors affecting population density?

A

climate, work opportunity, flat land for farming, soil quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the UK population ethnically diverse?

A

13% of population were born in another country
in London this value is 37%
increased white non-British, black African, and Asians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is causing the UK’s ageing population?

A

baby boom after ww2
improved healthcare
greater awareness of good diet and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the distribution of the ageing population?

A

18% is over 65
high in costal areas, lower in cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the effects of an ageing population?

A

healthcare costs are very high
shortage of places in care homes
older people join clubs and travel to boost the economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the responses to an ageing population?

A

government pension bonds
care, transport and heating allowances
more immigration for younger workforce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Changes to Uk employment sector since 2001

A

quaternary increased
secondary decreased
primary and tertiary steady
increase in professional and technical jobs
employment in manufacturing decreased due to cheap labour abroad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What economic hub?

A

central point or area associated with economic success and innovation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the case study of an economic hub in the UK?
Cambridge
26
Give a fact about companies in Cambridge
has 14 billion dollar companies and continues to expand
27
What is the significance of Cambridge to the UK?
world leading uni income 34% above the national income makes net contribution to uk economy 4000 knowledge intensive companies
28
Advantages of Cambridge
leading uni means highly skilled workforce located on main routes to London science park means large TNCs want their businesses there
29
Disadvantage of cambridge
high rental cost makes students move out of cambridge
30
What is the UK's role in the world?
Part of NATO, UN and G7
31
What is G7?
7 of the wealthiest western countries discussing relevant issues and economic agreements
32
What are some statistics on UK Media exports?
employs 1.7 million people generates £17 billion annually worth more than £100 billion annually employs 2 million grown at nearly twice the rate of the economy since 2010
33
What is the population density in Britian?
low population density - northern scotland due to mountainous terrain and hostile climate, also relatively low in ireland and wales high population density - rest of UK due to good land and transport connections very high population density - cities like London due to packed housing and many opportunities
34
Give some statistics on the UK's change in population from 2001 to 2011.
increased by over 4 million to just over 63 million 9.4 to 10.4 million over 65 4.6 to 7.5 million residents born abroad in 2011 largest number of immigrants from India, Poland and Pakistan 51 to 47% over 16 who are married
35
what is the population structure for the UK?
lots of young people mostly middle-aged working people increased number of 65+
36
What happens in stage 1 of the demographic transition model?
both birth and death rate are high population doesn't change much
37
What happens in stage 2 of the demographic transition model?
death rate drops as healthcare and standard of living improves as birth rate is still high, population increases
38
What happens in stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
birth rate falls due to better healthcare leading to lower infant mortality. More women educated and working so choosing to have less children population still increasing but slows down
39
What happens in stage 4 of the demographic transition model?
both birth and death rate are low very good healthcare and standard of living contraceptives widely available very low infant mortality rates people living longer population levels off
40
What happens in stage 5 of the demographic transition model?
as population ages, death rate increases people have less children as they are expensive population starts to decrease
41
Which stage is the UK on in the demographic transition model?
stage 4
42
Give a country in stage 5 of the demographic transition model.
Germany
43
what is the case study for population change in the UK?
Boston, Lincolnshire
44
Where is Boston?
market town located in ester England in the county of Lincolnshire
45
Why has the population of Boston grown faster than other areas?
increase of immigrants from Eastern Europe about 1/10 are from 'new' EU countries, e.g. Poland, lithuania, latvia
46
What is the population change of Boston from 2001 to 2011?
55750 to about 64500 15.9% increase
47
Why did migrants move to Boston?
in search of jobs that are better paid than those at home most migrants are between 20 and 30 many immigrants have found work on farms or in other places with a demand for cheap labour wages may be low by British standards but are enough to send money back home for the immigrants
48
How has Boston changed?
new european shops on the high street introduction of a variety of culture ethnic diversity schools have to adapt to children whose first language is not english increased pressure on child-care services and healthcare increased employment opportunities in shops and public services
49
How is the UK's economy changing?
past: dominated by heavy manufacturing industry based on a rich resource base powered by coal ports such as London and Liverpool were very important for imports and exports present: manufacturing industry based on coal has declined due to competition from abroad and changes in technology now dominated by the service and research sectors (tertiary and quaternary)
50
What have been the major political and economic changes in the UK since 1997?
upto 2008 economy grew steadily based on political decisions to keep taxes low and enable private companies to thrive in 2008, UK entered recession and government had to support UK banks and building societies at the end of 2009, UK came out of recession in 2010 labour party lost election to a coalition between conservatives and lib dems new government introduced spending cuts to reduce the country's financial deficit in January 2020, the UK left the EU
51
Give statistics on the change in the UK's economy
unemployment rose from 1.6million in Jan 2008 to 2.5million in Oct 2009 due to recession strong growth in jobs in the private sector reduced unemployment to below 2.5million in Oct 2013 economy grew steadily from 2013-2018 to become 11% bigger than it was at the start of the recession on 2008 unemployment fallen from 8% to 4% from 2012 to 2017
52
What are some laws for working hours?
maximum working week is 48hrs every 6 hours workers are entitled to 20min break minimum paid holiday time is 28days annually
53
What are some stats about the change in working hours?
42.7hrs average working week in 2011 to 36.4 in 2022 Men working hours have decreased from 37.8 in 1998 to 35.3 in 2022 women working hours have increased from 26.5 in 1998 to 27.9 in 2022
54
What is the case study for the UK's involvement in a conflict?
Ukraine conflict
55
Why is there conflict in Ukraine?
in 1991 the soviet union broke up and several new countries formed including Ukraine. East Ukraine see themselves as more Russian and speak Russian, but West Ukraine speak Ukrainian and consider themselves as european. most of East Ukraine want to separate and join Russia and the government are fighting this West supports Ukraine and believe that Russia is supporting these uprisings but Russia is deny these accusations
56
What are the UK's involvement in the Ukrainian conflict?
UK condemned Russian intervention EU and other western countries imposed sanctions on Russia NATO condemned Russian military intervention and stated that it was a breach of international law in 2018, the UK increased military support by sending Royal Marines to Ukraine in 2019, Royal Navy patrols were increased in the Black Sea to secure Odessa, Ukraine's biggest port In total, the UK has committed £18 billion for Ukraine
57
What are some impacts of the Ukraine conflict?
disrupted agricultural production and supply chains, leading to food shortages and rising prices globally damage to infrastructure rising inflation due to disruption of food and energy supply Disruptions in energy supply from Russia have led to increased energy prices risk of nuclear war 6.5million people displaced increased tensions between the west and russia potentially leading to a new cold war
58
What influence did the London Design Festival have?
since London Design Festival in 2003, over 80 cities globally have started their own version - stimulating home-grown creative designers and businesses, providing employment opportunities for many people
59
What influence did the UK's architecture industry have?
global reputation for professionalism, integrity, design flair and delivery UK architects designed some of the world's leading sporting venues and facilities such as the 2011 Cricket World Cup stadium in Pune, India
60
How does the UK influence the world through student?
approx. 100,000 students graduate annually in the UK in subjects such as architecture, design, music, fashion and digital media many come from overseas and return to their homes to develop their own creative sectors
61
How does the UK influence the world through video games?
renowned for computer games such as tomb raider and GTA largest games developing sector in Europe, generating £2 billion annually this creative output has stimulated the development of computer games in other countries such as USA and Japan
62
What are some global influences of the UK's media exports?
London Design Festival UK architecture industry Students Computer Games
63
What are 3 of some of the most successful British TV exports?
Downton Abbey Top Gear The Great British Bake Off
64
Give some facts about Downton Abbey.
broadcast in more than 200 countries/regions global audience of more than 160million
65
Give some facts about Top Gear
reportedly the most watched factual TV show in the world global audience of 350million people from 170 countries
66
Give some stats about the UK's film industry
in 2015 the UK film industry generated £10.2 billion in 2017, UK films achieved a 21% share of the international box office, in UK cinema ticket sales were £1.3 billion in 2016, 80,000 people were employed in the UK film industry
67
What is the case study for the UK's cultural diversity?
the Balti Triangle, Birmingham
68
What is the Balti triangle?
in the south of the city a cluster of about 50 restaurants serving balti dishes important tourist attraction
69
Why is Birmingham one of the most multicultural cities in the UK?
about 30% of the population comes from minority ethnic groups, mainly Pakistan, India and the Caribbean world food retail sector is very important in Birmingham many shops offering cooking utensils, cultural clothing and jewellery, asian arts and crafts
70
What is a Balti dish?
combination of meat and/or vegetables cooked with particular spices

GCSE Geography (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions