UL 4 Arm And Scapula

Question 1

Superficial muscles of the anterior compartment

Answer 1

Long head of the biceps brachii
Short head of the biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

Question 2

Deep muscle of the anterior compartment

Answer 2

Brachialis

Question 3

Coracobrachialis
O
I
A
N

Answer 3

O: coracoid process of the scapula
I: mid shaft of the humerus
A: weak flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
N: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 4

Biceps brachii 
O
I
A
N

Answer 4

O: short head=coracoid process of the scapula
Long head: Supra Glenn id tubercle of the scapula
I: bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of the forearm and the tendon to the radial tuberosity
A: 1. Powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow, 2. Powerful supinator of the forearm, 3. Weak flexor of the arm at he glenohumeral joint

Question 5

Brachialis
O
I
A
N

Answer 5

O: anterior humerous
I: coronoid process of the ulna
A: powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint
N: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 6

Triceps brachii
O
I
A
N

Answer 6

O:
Long=infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral=posterior humerous
Medial=posterior humerous
I: olecranon process of the scapula
A: extension of the forearm the the elbow joint
N: radial nerve

Question 7

Brachial artery branches in the arm

Proximal to distal

Answer 7

Brachial artery->(1) deep brachial artery->(1a) radial collateral artery&(1b) middle collateral artery->(2) superior ulnar collateral artery->(3) inferior ulnar collateral artery

Question 8

Where can the brachial artery be compressed

Answer 8

Can be compressed at the mid arm to control the hemorrhage and the elbow anastomoses will still allow blood flow to the forearm

Question 9

Nerves to the anterior arm

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 9

Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle and innervates the anterior compartment muscles

Question 10

Nerves of the anterior arm

Radial nerve

Answer 10

Passes into the anterior arm from the radial groove in the posterior arm

Question 11

Nerves of the anterior arm

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

Answer 11

Sensory continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve

Question 12

Nerves of the anterior compartment

Ulnar nerve

Answer 12

Ulnar nerve in the posterior compartment of the arm descends posterior to the medial epicondyle (funny bone)

Question 13

Damage to the radial nerve in the radial groove

Answer 13

Results in loss of extension of the hand (wrist drop), but does not significantly effect the extension of the arm at the elbow

Question 14

Cubical fossa borders
Lateral
Medial
Contents

Answer 14

Lateral border: brachiradialis
Medial border: pronator teres
Contents: biceps brachii TENDON, brachial ARTERY, median NERVE
TAN lateral->medial

Question 15

Arterial anastomoses around the elbow

Medial

Answer 15

Radial collateral->radial recurrent artery

Middle collateral artery->interosseus recurrent artery

Question 16

Arterial anastomoses at the elbow joint

Medial

Answer 16

Superior ulnar collateral artery-> posterior ulnar recurrent artery

Inferior ulnar collateral artery-> anterior ulnar recurrent artery

Question 17

Rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
o
I
A
N

Answer 17

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerous
A: initiates abduction of the arm and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
N: suprascapular nerve

Question 18

Rotator cuff muscles
Infraspinatus
O
I
A
N

Answer 18

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerous
A: externally rotates the arm and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
N: suprascapular nerve

Question 19

Muscles of the rotator cuff
Teres minor
O
I
A
N

Answer 19

O: middle lateral border of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerous
A: externally rotates the arm and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
N: axillary nerve

Question 20

Muscle of the rotator cuff subscapularis 
O
I
A
N

Answer 20

O: subscapular fossa of the scapula
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus (bc its anterior)
A: internally rotates the arm and stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
N: upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 21

Teres major
O
I
A
N

Answer 21

O: inferior angle of the scapula
I: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerous
A: internal rotation of the arm, adduction of the arm, extension of the arm
N: lowe subscapular nerve

Question 22

Deltoid 
O
I
A
N
Strength muscle

Answer 22

O:
clavicular part=lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Acromial part= acromion process of the scapula
Spinal part=spine of the scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerous
A:
Cavicular part=flexion and internal rotation
Acromial part=abducts arm
Spinal part=extends and external rotation
N: axillary nerve

Test by asking patient to abduct against resistance

Question 23

Sub acromial bursa
Location
Clinical correlate

Answer 23

Located between the acromion and the supraspinatus tendon/deltoid muscle

If inflamed, can lead to painful arc syndrome in the 50-130 degree arc because the head of the humerous presses inflamed bursa against the acromion

Question 24

What muscle is responsible for abduction initiation

Answer 24

Suraspinatus (initial 15 degrees)

Question 25

What muscle is responsible for abduction in the horizontal plane

Answer 25

The deltoid (15-120)

Question 26

What muscles are responsible for raising the upper limb over the head

Answer 26

Serratus anterior and the trapezius

Question 27

Supraspinatus tendon | Clinical correlation

Answer 27

Most commonly torn tendon of the rotator cuff evading to an inability to initiate abduction of the arm Commonly inflamed in the elderly and can have calcium deposits leading to adhesion to the sub acromial bursa/joint capsule

Question 28

Quadrangular space Borders Contents Function

Answer 28

Borders: teres minor, teres major, long head of the triceps, surgical neck of the humerous Contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery Function: allows for passage of the nerovascular supply from the axilla to the posterior scapular and arm regions

Question 29

Axillary nerve damage How it can happen Results of it happening

Answer 29

How: break in the surgical neck of the humerous or inferior disclocation of the head of the humerous Results: weakened abduction of the arm (15-120 degrees)+ loss of the cutaneous nerve innervation to the upper lateral arm

Question 30

Triangular interval Borders Function

Answer 30

Borders: teres major, long and lateral head of the triceps brachii Function: allows for passage of the radial nerve and deep artery of the arm to radial groove in the posterior arm

Question 31

Arterial anastomoses of the shoulder

Answer 31

Thyrocervical trunk of the subclaivan possesses the transverse cervical artery/suprascapular artery which anastomoses with the subscapular artery from the 3rd portion of the axillary artery