ulster plantation Flashcards
(19 cards)
Why did Ireland matter?
- Introduce ‘superior’ English culture and laws.
- Spread the Protestant religion.
- Protect England from attack through Ireland.
What was the policy of Plantation?
Land was confiscated from rebellious chiefs and lords and given to loyal settlers or planters often brought over from England.
What were the three plantations carried out by English monarchs?
- Laois-Offaly (1556, Mary 1)
- Munster (1586, Elizabeth 1)
- Ulster (1609, James 1)
What triggered the Ulster Plantation?
The Nine Years War: 1594 a great rebellion led by Hugh O’Neill broke out against English rule in Ireland.
What happened in 1607 during the Ulster Plantation?
The Flight of the Earls; O’Neill and the Ulster nobility fled to Rome, and the new king James I confiscated their lands.
When did the Plantation in Practice start?
Started in 1609.
Which counties were planted during the Ulster Plantation?
Fermanagh, Armagh, Tyrone, Derry, Donegal, and Cavan.
What was the size cap for estates during the Ulster Plantation?
The size of estates was capped at 2,000 acres.
Who were the Servitors?
Men who had served in the English army during the Nine Years War and were awarded land.
What happened to the Tories during the Ulster Plantation?
Tories (Gaelic Irish who lost their land) were often forced to live as outlaws.
What was County Derry renamed and who controlled it?
County Derry was given over to the control of the London Trade Guilds and renamed Londonderry.
What type of settlers came to Ulster during the Plantation?
Many Scottish Presbyterians came to Ulster at this time.
What did Undertakers build for protection?
Undertakers built stone houses and bawns (stone-walled defensive enclosures) to protect themselves. E.g. Tully Castle, Co. Fermanagh.
What impact did the Ulster Plantation have on identity?
- Two distinct identities emerged: unionist and nationalist.
- Conflict has often arisen because of these different identities, e.g. the Troubles were a 30-year period of violence in NI.
- A new population of English and Scottish settlers settled in Ulster.
- A new religion dominated parts of Ulster as the new settlers were Presbyterian or Anglican.
- New towns like Belfast and Coleraine were built.
- Planters introduced arable farming (crops) and grew flax (used to make linen).
- Use of the Irish language declined.
- English Common Law replaced Brehon Law.
How did the growth of towns influence identity on the island of Ireland?
Towns became a hub for English and Scottish settlers, promoting different languages, laws, and customs compared to Gaelic Irish in the countryside.
What was the impact of the Early Christian era on identity?
Promoted Christianity.
Example: Kells.
What was the impact of the Viking era on identity?
Spoke Norse; some words like ‘market’ (margadh) originate from Norse.
Examples: Wexford, Cork, Limerick, Dublin.
What was the impact of the Norman era on identity?
Used different language, laws, and customs compared to Gaelic Irish in the countryside.
Examples: Kilkenny, Trim.
What was the impact of the Plantation era on identity?
New towns became established.
Examples: Bandon, Killarney.
