Ultimate Policing: Definitions, terms and mnemonics. Flashcards
To gain a solid understanding of legislation for a policing purpose. (129 cards)
1
Q
Power of Arrest
Section 24 (1) PACE 1984
A
A Constable may arrest without warrant anyone who:
a) is about to commit an offence,
b) is in the act of committing an offence,
c) whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be about to commit an offence, or
d) whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be in the act of committing an offence.
2
Q
Power of Arrest
Section 24 (2) PACE 1984
A
If a constable has reasonable grounds for suspecting that an offence has been committed, he may arrest without warrant anyone whom he has reasonable grounds to suspect of being guilty of it.
3
Q
Power of Arrest
Section 24 (3) PACE 1984
A
If an offence has been committed, a constable may arrest without a warrant anyone who:
a) is guilty of the offence, or
b) whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be guilty of it
4
Q
Power of Arrest
Section 24A (1) PACE 1984
A
A person other than a constable may arrest without warrant anyone:
(a) who is in the act of committing an indictable offence
(b) whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be committing an indictable offence
5
Q
Power of Arrest
Section 24A (2) PACE 1984
A
Where an indictable offence has been committed, a person other than a constable may arrest without warrant anyone:
(a) who is guilty of the offence
(b) whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be guilty
6
Q
De-Arrest
Section 30 (7) PACE 1984
A
A person arrested by a constable, at a place other than a police station, shall be released without bail, if a constable is satisfied at the time before the person reaches a police station, that there are no grounds for keeping him/her on bail. The constable must record the fact this has happened.
7
Q
Further Arrest
Section 30 PACE 1984
A
A person already under arrest is suspected of a further offence where:
a) a person
(i) Has been arrested for an offence; and
(ii) Is at a police station in consequence of that arrest; and
b) It appears to the constable, that if he was released from that arrest, he would be liable to arrest for some other offence, he shall be arrested for that offence.
8
Q
There are four ways in which a person may be brought before a criminal court:
A
● Postal Charge Requisition (PCR)
● By summons
● By arrest on warrant
● By arrest without a warrant
9
Q
What is an Arrest?
A
An arrest is the taking of a person’s liberty and preventing them from going about their lawful business.
10
Q
What justifies a Lawful Arrest?
A
A person’s involvement
OR
Suspected involvement
OR
Attempted involvement in the commission of a criminal offence
AND
Reasonable grounds for believing that the person’s arrest is necessary.
11
Q
The person being arrested, must know:
A
● That they are under arrest
● The grounds of the arrest (offence they are being arrested for)
● When caution
● Necessity for the arrest
12
Q
A person is in detention when he or she:
A
● Has been arrested for an offence and brought to a police station, or
● Has voluntarily attended a police station and is subsequently arrested and is detained there or elsewhere in the charge of a constable
13
Q
Suspect entitlement in custody:
A
● Someone informed that they are there
● Free independent legal advice
● Consult codes of practice
● Copy of their custody record
14
Q
What is a Relevant Comment?
A
Includes anything that might be relevant to the offence
15
Q
What is a Significant Statement?
A
Includes anything that can be used in evidence against the suspect.
Can be made before or after caution
16
Q
What is a Significant Silence?
A
A significant silence is a failure or refusal to answer a question satisfactorily when under caution, which might give rise to an inference.
17
Q
Section 1 Theft Act 1968
A
A person is guilty of theft, if he dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another, with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it.
18
Q
Section 2 Theft Act 1968
A person’s appropriation of property belonging to another was not regarded as dishonest if they have:
A
● They had a lawful right to take the item
● They would have had the owners consent, had the owner known of the consequences.
● The had taken reasonable steps to discover the owner.
19
Q
What does Appropriates mean under Section 3 Theft Act 1968?
A
assumption of the rights of the owner including where he comes by the property innocently and later deals with it as an owner.
20
Q
What does Property mean under Section 4 Theft Act 1968?
A
Property includes money and all other property, real or personal, intangible
21
Q
What does Belonging to Another mean under Section 5 Theft Act 1968?
A
Property belongs to the person who either has:
● Proprietary interests or rights
● Possession
● Control
22
Q
What does Intention to permanently deprive mean under Section 6 Theft Act 1968?
A
A person having the intention to permanently deprive
● Treats property as their own regardless of the owners’ rights
● Borrows beyond the scope of the agreed terms
● Pawning the item
23
Q
Robbery
Section 8 Theft Act 1968
A
A person is guilty of robbery, if he steals and, immediately before, or at the time of doing so, and in order to do so, uses force on any person, or puts, or seeks to put any person in fear of being then and there, subjected to force.
24
Q
Burglary
Section 9(1)(a) of the Theft Act 1968
A
It is committed by a person who:
enters a building or part of a building as a trespasser with intent to:
steal anything in the building or part of the building, or inflict grievous bodily harm on any person therein, or do unlawful damage to the building or anything therein (Section 9(1)(a) of the Theft Act 1968)
25
Burglary
Section 9(1)(b) of the Theft Act 1968
It is committed by a person who:
having entered any building or part of a building as a trespasser:
steals or attempts to steal anything therein, or inflicts or attempts to inflict grievous bodily harm on any person therein
26
Under Burglary, Entry can be gained in many ways:
Entry can be gained in many ways:
● In person
● Using a tool or article to facilitate entry
● Using an innocent agent e.g. a child
27
Under Burglary, what does Building mean?
A building is a structure of considerable size and intended to be permanent or at least endure for a considerable time.
28
Under Burglary, what does part of a Building mean?
In the same building, a person may have a right to be in one place but not another. For example: behind the till, in a staff room or in a stock room.
29
Under burglary, when is someone deemed a Trespasser?
A person will be deemed to be trespassing if they either: know or are objectively reckless, that they have crossed the boundary without either consent (express of implied permission) or have right by law to do so.
30
Under Section 9(1)(b) of the Theft Act 1968, what must a trespasser do for this offence to be complete?
Steal or attempt to steal anything
Inflict or attempt to inflict grievous bodily harm.
31
Aggravated Burglary
Section 10 Theft Act 1968
A person is guilty of aggravated burglary if he commits any burglary and at the time, has with him, any firearm or imitation firearm, any weapon of offence or any explosive.
32
Under Aggravated Burglary, what does Has With Him mean?
Knowledge of the existence of the article, and that the article is at hand, ready to use.
33
What is a Weapon Of Offence?
Any article made or adapted for use for causing injury to, incapacitating a person, or intended by the person having it with him for such use.
34
What does WIFE stand for and which offence does it relate to?
Weapon of Offence
Imitation Firearm
Firearm
Explosive
Aggravated Burglary Section 10 Theft Act 1968
35
Taking a Conveyance without the Owner’s Consent (TWOC)
Section 12 Theft Act 1968
A person is guilty of the offence if without the consent of the owner or other lawful authority he takes any conveyance for his own or another's use or knowing that any conveyance has been taken without such authority he drives it or allows himself to be carried in or on it.
36
What does TWOC stand for and under what section is it found?
Taking a Conveyance without the Owners Consent
Section 12 Theft Act 1968
37
Under TWOC, what is a conveyance?
Includes anything either constructed or adapted to carry a person whether by land, water or air. It does not include animals and does not need to have an engine.
38
Aggravated Vehicle Taking
Section 12A Theft Act 1968
A person is guilty of aggravated taking of a vehicle if:
a) he commits an offence under section 12(1) above in relation to a mechanically propelled vehicle; and
b) it is proved that, at any time after the vehicle was unlawfully taken (whether by him or another) and before it was recovered:
(i) that the vehicle was driven dangerously on a road or other public place;
(ii) that, owing to the driving of the vehicle, an accident occurred by which injury was caused to any person;
(iii) that, owing to the driving of the vehicle, an accident occurred by which damage was caused to any property, other than the vehicle;
(vi) that damage was caused to the vehicle.
39
What is a Public Place?
Any place to which the public have access whether on payment or otherwise
40
Taking a Pedal Cycle
Section 12(5) Theft Act 1968
A person who, without having the consent of the owner or other lawful authority, takes a pedal cycle for his own, or another’s use or rides a pedal cycle knowing it to have been taken without such authority commits and offence
41
Vehicle Interference
Section 9(1) Criminal Attempts Act 1981
A person who interferes with a motor vehicle or trailer or anything carried in or on it with the intention that they or another commit a specified offence of:
1. Theft of motor vehicle or trailer or part of it
2. Theft of anything carried in or on the motor vehicle or trailer
3. TWOC
Is guilty of an offence.
42
Blackmail
Section 21(1) Theft Act 1968
A person is guilty of blackmail if, they make any unwarranted demand with menaces, with a view to gain for himself or another or with intent to cause loss to another
43
Abstracting Electricity
Section 13 Theft Act 1968
A person is guilty of abstracting electricity when he or she dishonestly uses it without due authority or dishonestly causes it to be diverted or wasted
44
A jury must decide what is dishonest according to:
the ordinary standards of reasonable and honest people
45
Handling Stolen Goods
Section 22 Theft Act 1968
Otherwise than in the course of stealing, knowing, or believing them to be stolen goods, dishonestly receives the goods or dishonestly undertakes or assists in their retention, removal, disposal or realisation, by or the for the benefit of another, or arranges to do any of the above.
46
Under Handling Stolen Goods what is Knowing?
Been told that the goods are stolen, by someone with first-hand knowledge, such as the thief.
47
Under Handling Stolen Goods what is Believing?
The state of mind of a person who says to himself that he could not be certain that the goods are stolen, but there could be no other reasonable conclusion in the light of the circumstances.
48
Under Handling Stolen Goods what are stolen goods?
Includes money, all property (excluding land), also includes things severed from the land by stealing and includes any gain or return from disposal of original stolen items.
49
A person’s appropriation of property belonging to another was NOT regarded as dishonest if they have:
● Right in law
● Consent
● Taken reasonable steps
50
Under Handling Stolen Goods what does Receives mean?
To take possession of something and have control of it. This includes joint possession or control.
51
Under Handling Stolen Goods what does Assists mean?
To agree to promise to do something for someone
52
Under Handling Stolen Goods what does Retention mean?
Continue to possess something.
53
Under Handling Stolen Goods what does Removal mean?
Taking something away
54
Under Handling Stolen Goods what does Disposal mean?
Passing on, getting rid, or giving away.
55
Under Handling Stolen Goods what does Realisation mean?
Obtaining money or profit by selling something.
56
Going Equipped
Section 25 Theft Act 1968
A person shall be guilty of the offence, if when not at his place of abode, he has with him any article for use in the course or in connection with any burglary or theft.
57
Having an Offensive Weapon in a Public Place
Section 1 Prevention of Crime Act 1953
A person who, without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, the proof where of shall lie on him, has with him in any public place any offensive weapon shall be guilty of an offence.
58
Section 139A(2) Criminal Justice Act 1988
Any person who has an offensive weapon with them on school premises, commits an offence.
59
Section 139AA Criminal Justice Act 1988
If in a public place or on school premises:
● A person has an article with a blade or point, or an offensive weapon
● Unlawfully and intentionally threatens another person
● Does so in such a way that there is an immediate risk of serious physical harm to that other person
60
Bladed or Sharply Pointed Articles
Section 139 Criminal Justice Act
It is an offence for a person to have with him, any article which has a blade or is sharply pointed, except a folding pocketknife, in a public place without good reason or lawful authority, the onus of proof being on the carrier
61
Common Assault as a threat Section 39 Criminal Justice Act
Any act which a person intentionally or recklessly causes another person to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence
62
What does Recklessly?
Being aware of the existence of risk but going ahead and taking the risk.
63
Common Assault by battery Section 39 Criminal Justice Act
Any person is guilty of battery if they intentionally or recklessly apply unlawful force on another person.
64
Actual Bodily Harm (ABH)
Section 47 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
A person is guilty of an offence if he intentionally or recklessly uses an unlawful force on another thereby occasioning actual bodily harm.
65
Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH)
Section 20 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
A person who unlawfully and maliciously, wounds or inflicts any grievous body harm, upon any other person, either with or without a weapon or instrument, shall be guilty of an offence.
66
Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH)
Section 18 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
A person who unlawfully and maliciously by any means whatsoever, wounds or causes any grievous bodily harm, to any person, with intent to do some grievous bodily harm to any person, or with intent to resist or prevent the lawful apprehension or detainer of any person guilty of an offence.
67
Assault Police
Section 89 Police Act 1996
It is an offence for any person, to assault or resist a police officer, or any person assisting the officer in the lawful execution of his duties.
68
Obstruct Police
Section 89(2) Police Act 1996
It is an offence for any person to wilfully obstruct a police officer or any person assisting the officer in a lawful execution of his duties
69
Maliciously administering poison etc, with intent to injure, aggrieve or annoy any other person
Section 24 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
It is an offence to administer poison or other noxious substance with intent to injure, aggrieve or annoy a person.
Whoever shall unlawfully and maliciously administer to or cause to be administered to or taken by any other person any poison or other destructive or noxious thing, with intent to injure, aggrieve, or annoy such person, shall be guilty of the offence.
70
Assault with Intent to Resist Arrest
Section 38 Offences Against the Person Act 1861
It is an offence to: assault any person with intent to resist or prevent the lawful apprehension or detainer of himself or of any other person.
71
Criminal Damage
Section 1(1) Criminal Damage Act 1971
A person is guilty of criminal damage, if without lawful excuse destroys or damages any property, belonging to another, intending to destroy or damage any such property, or being reckless as to whether any such property would be destroyed or damaged
72
What does intent mean?
Having a purpose when following a course of action. ‘Mens rea’, guilty mind.
73
Damage Endangering Another’s Life
Section 1(2) Criminal Damage Act 1971
A person who without lawful excuse, destroys or damages any property, whether belonging to himself or another -
a) Intending to destroy or damage any property or being reckless as to whether any property would be destroyed or damaged;
AND
b) Intending by the destruction or damage to endanger the life of another or being reckless as to whether the life of another would be thereby endangered.
74
Arson
Section 1(3) Criminal Damage Act 1971
A person is guilty of arson, if some of the damage or destruction is caused by fire.
75
Threats to Destroy or Damage Property
Section 2 Criminal Damage Act 1971
A person without lawful excuse, makes to another a threat, intending that the other would fear it would be carried out, to destroy or damage any property belonging to that other or a third person, OR, to destroy or damage their own property in a way which they know is likely to endanger the life of that other or a third
76
Possessing anything with intent to destroy or damage property or endanger life
Section 3 Criminal Damage Act 1971
An offence is committed by a person who has an article in their custody or under their control, intending without lawful excuse, to use it or cause or permit another to use it, to destroy or damage any property belonging to some other person, OR, to destroy or damage their own or the user’s property in a way which they know is likely to endanger the life of some other person.
77
What does Custody mean under Criminal Damage Act 1971?
Means the safekeeping of an item.
78
What does Control mean under Criminal Damage Act 1971?
Means the power to manipulate property without having legal title or possession.
79
Criminal Attempts
Section 1 Criminal Attempts Act 1981
If, with intent to commit an offence to which this section applies, a person does an act which is more than merely preparatory to the commission of the offence, they are guilty of attempting to commit the
80
What does more than merely preparatory mean?
A person’s actions must be shown to have gone beyond mere preparation towards carrying out the offence.
81
Fraud by False Representation
Section 2 Fraud Act 2006
A person who dishonestly makes a false representation and intends by making the representation to make a gain for themselves or another, or, to cause loss to another, or to expose another to the risk of loss
82
Fraud
A representation is false if:
● it is untrue or misleading; and
● the person making it knows that it is or might be either untrue or misleading
83
What does Gain or loss mean under Fraud?
Recent case law makes it clear that the suspect must intend that the false representation will cause the gain or loss.
84
Fraud by Failing to Disclose Information
Section 3 Fraud Act 2006
A person who dishonestly fails to disclose to another information, which he is under a legal duty to disclose, and intends by failing to disclose the information to make a gain for himself or another, or cause loss to another or to expose another risk of loss
85
Fraud
Failure to disclose can be made by:
Oral or written omission.
86
Fraud by Abuse of Position
Section 4 Fraud Act 2006
A person who occupies a position in which he is expected to safeguard, or not act against, the financial interests of another person AND dishonestly abuses that position and intends to make a gain for himself or another, or to cause loss to another, or to expose another to risk of loss
87
Fraud – Going Equipped
Section 6 Fraud Act 2006
A person is guilty of the offence if he has in his possession, or under his control any article for use in the course of, or in connection with any fraud.
88
Making, Adapting, Supplying or Offering Articles for Fraud
Section 7 Fraud Act 2006
A person is guilty of the offence if he makes, adapts, supplies, or offers to supply any article knowing that it is designed or adapted for use in the course of, or in connection with fraud, or intending it to commit or facilitate fraud
89
Dishonest Obtaining of Services
Section 11 Fraud Act 2006
A person is guilty of the offence if he obtains services for himself or another by a dishonest act.
90
Making Off without Payment
Section 3 Theft Act 1978
A person is guilty of this offence if they, knowing that payment on the spot is required for any goods supplied or services done is expected from him, dishonestly makes off without having paid as required or expected with intent to avoid payment of the amount due.
91
Use of Force
Section 117 PACE 1984
A constable can use reasonable force in the exercise of any power under PACE.
92
Use of Force
Section 3 Criminal Law Act 1967
A person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances of the prevention of crime, or in effecting, or assisting, in the lawful arrest of offenders, or suspected offenders, or of persons unlawfully at large.
93
Use of Force
Common Law
An officer may use force to protect themselves or others:
self-defence (pre-emptive strike)
94
Stop Search
Section 1 PACE 1984
(Search before an arrest)
A police constable may detain any person, or vehicle, or anything which is in or a vehicle, in any place the public has access to, if he or she has reasonable grounds for suspecting that stolen or prohibited articles, prohibited fireworks, or bladed or sharply pointed articles will be found. Any such article found during a search may be seized.
95
What does it mean to detain a person?
To ‘hold’ people temporarily to carry out a procedure.
96
What does G.O.W.I.S.E.L.E.Y stand for?
Grounds for search
Object or purpose of the search
Warrant card (if in plain clothes)
Identity of officer
Station to which attached
Entitlement to copy of record
Legal power used
You are detained for the purpose of search
97
Powers of Entry & Search
Section 17 PACE 1984 (WASPS)
A constable may enter and search any premises for the purpose of:
Warrant of arrest,
Arrest a person for an indictable offence and those unlawfully at large,
Save life or limb,
Prevent serious damage to property,
Specific offence.
98
What does HAVVROT stand for?
● Hovercraft
● Aircraft
● Vehicle
● Vessel
● Renewable Energy Installation
● Offshore Oil Rig
● Tent or moveable structure
99
Powers of Entry & Search
Section 32 PACE 1984
A constable may search any person, who has been arrested at a place other than a police station, if they have reasonable grounds for believing that the arrested person may present:
● Danger to himself or others.
● Implement which he might use to escape.
● Evidence relating to an offence.
100
Powers of Entry & Search
Section 32(b) PACE 1984
A constable may enter and search any premises in which a person was, when arrested or immediately before he was arrested, for evidence relating to the offence for which he was arrested.
101
Powers of Entry
Section 18 PACE 1984
A constable may enter and search any premises occupied or controlled by a person under arrest for an indictable offence,
if he has reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is on the premises evidence relating to that offence,
OR another indictable offence which is connected with or similar to that offence
(Inspector’s Authority)
102
Powers of Entry
Section 18(5) PACE 1984
Inspectors authority will be required for all S18 searches unless:
A constable may conduct a search before taking the person to a police station without obtaining an authorisation from an inspector if the presence of that person at a place is necessary for the effective investigation of the offence.
103
What does it mean for a premises to be occupied?
Refers to premises where the arrested person resides or works and may include occupancy as an owner, tenant or squatter.
104
What does it mean for a premises to be controlled?
Includes premises in which the arrested person holds some interest – i.e. he owns, rents, leases or has use of the premises.
105
Powers of Entry – Section 19
Section 19 PACE 1984
A constable who is lawfully on any premises may seize anything which is:
● Covered by a warrant
● Anything they have reasonable grounds for believing is evidence of an offence
● Anything that has been obtained in consequence of the commission of an offence and it is necessary to do so to prevent it being:
Concealed
Lost
Altered
Damaged
Destroyed
(items subject to legal privilege may not be seized.)
106
Breach of the Peace (BOP)
Common Law
A breach of the peace is committed whenever harm is done or is likely to be done to a person, OR in his presence to his property, OR whenever a person is in fear of being harmed through an assault, affray, riot or other disturbance.
107
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
What effects decisions making?
● Impulsive
● Risk Avoidance
● Ignorance
● The Halo Effect
● The Loner Threat
● The “One Solution”
108
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
Describe being impulsive in relation to NDM.
The impulsive threat means you are acting too quickly. You are ignoring the data and the impact on other people. This threat can be a weakness for people with a strong desire to move ahead.
109
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
Describe being risk avoidant in relation to NDM.
In some organizations, risk is a “four letter word”, a concept to be avoided at all costs. However, risk and uncertainty are all around us. As a police officer it is important to develop and practice the skill of making decisions about risk.
110
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
Describe ignorance in relation to NDM.
Making decisions without information presents two significant problems. First, you are likely to miss important considerations. Second, deciding without good information may harm your decision-making reputation.
111
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
Describe the halo effect in relation to NDM.
When you are facing large decisions, it is natural and reasonable to involve other people. However, the halo effect needs to be taken into consideration. This effect states that an overall perception of a person may be impacted by their ability in one area.
112
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
Describe the loner threat in relation to NDM.
While most important decisions are ultimately made by a single person, being a loner is a threat to effective decisions. What is the threat of being a loner in the world of decisions? Being a loner means it will be difficult for you to implement a different 3 decision and obtain all the benefits you foresee.
113
National Decision-Making Model (NDM)
Describe the 'one solution' in relation to NDM.
The more important a decision you face, the more options need to be considered.
114
What is the purpose of the National Decision-Making Model?
The NDM is a values-based tool to provide a simple, logical, and evidence-based approach to policing decisions.
115
What are the police codes of ethics?
Honesty and Integrity
Authority, Respect and Courtesy
Equality and Diversity
Use of Force
Orders and Instructions
Duties and Responsibilities
Confidentially
Fitness for Work
Challenging Behaviours
Conduct
116
What does SHACKS stand for?
● Sees
● Hear
● Actions
● Conversation (ask questions)
● Knowledge
● Smells
117
Define information.
Information refers to all forms of information obtained, recorded, or processed by the police including personal data intelligence.
118
Define intelligence.
Information refers to all forms of information obtained, recorded, or processed by the police including personal data intelligence.
119
What is CIAPOAR?
Code of ethics
Information & intelligence
Assess threat and risk and develop a working strategy
Powers & policies
Options & contingencies
Action
Review
120
Define common law.
The law that has been created over the centuries by judicial decisions and not by legislation from Parliament.
121
Define statute law.
Law which is enabled by Acts of Parliament through legislation.
122
Outline the Intelligence Cycle.
● Direction: Be focused on what we need intelligence on.
● Collection: Must be carried out with due regard to legislation (JPLANE).
● Evaluation: 3 x 5 x 2 System.
● Analysis: carried out to make the best possible use of known information and to produce where possible a predictive element, capable of influencing strategies designed to combat operational problems.
● Dissemination: the point where the Intelligence Specialist decides precisely what to do with the information/intelligence which has been processed.
123
What is Locard's Principle of Exchange?
Anyone who enters the scene both takes something of the scene with them and leaves something of themselves behind. This could be fingerprints, DNA, fibres and/or footwear marks.
124
What is a Victim?
A person who has suffered harm, including physical, mental, or emotional harm, or economic loss, which was directly caused by a criminal conduct. Also, a close relative of a person whose death was directly caused by a criminal offence.
125
What is a Repeat Victim?
A victim of the same type of crime more than once in the last year. An individual that has been subject of three similar occurrences of a similar type of crime within the last three months.
126
Who can be a vulnerable victim?
Under the Victims Code, vulnerable people are:
● Anyone under 17
● Anyone suffering with a mental disorder under the Mental Health Act 1983
● Those with significant impairment of intelligence and social functioning
● Those with a physical disability or who suffer from a mental disorder
127
What is a Witness?
One who sees, knows, or vouches for something. One who goes testimony under oath or affirmation, in person, by oral, or written deposition or affidavit. A witness must be legally competent to testify.
128
What is a Intimidated Witness?
Witnesses in criminal proceedings whose quality of evidence is likely to be diminished by reason of fear or distress in connection with testifying in proceedings.
129
What does POCLAROC stand for?
Point out
Offence *simple, no need for section and act*
Caution (when) *note reply*
Legal *not under arrest, not obliged to stay with me, but is a further offence to not give me the following details*
Admin *name, DOB, address*
Report for
Offence *state offence*
Caution
