Ultrasound Flashcards
(21 cards)
What does US do?
- Deep Heating modalities
- A therapeutic modality commonly used for improving connective tissue extensibility including managing scar tissue promoting pain relief.
Physical Principles
- Acoustic Energy
- Walang Protons
- Air skin barrier
= yung air skin Barrier Di ma a-absorb ni skin si US if walang coupling gel
Production of US waves
- Merong chain reaction
- Molecules that are close together are faster kesa Sa mas malayo
- Sound travels through sinusoidal patterns
2 Terms for US
- Condensation - areas of compression/ increase molecular density
- Rare Faction - areas of decreased density
- Piezo Electricity = The crystals generate an electric voltage when mechanically compressed.
- Reverse Piezo Electric Effect = Expansion of a compressed crystal & vice versa.
- Wave Length = distance between 2 successive fix.
Characteristics of US
- Mode
- Continuous Wave US
- Pulse Wave US - Frequency
- Deep = 1MHz
- Superficial = 3MHz - Intensity
Deep = 1.5 w/cm2
Superficial = 2 w/cm2
What’s the difference between Continuous Wave US and Pulse Wave US
Continuous = uninterrupted stream
Pulse = delivers c periodic interruption
- 20% is used for non-thermal effects
- 50% very mild heating effects
What is Spacial Peak Intensity (ISP)
- Acoustic power of US beam at its highest point
What is Spatial Average Temporal Peak Intensity (ISATP)?
- Refers to the spatial average intensity of the US beam between interruption during pulse US.
What are the US interaction c biological tissues?
- when it comes to gases and liquids what are the wave and the direction?
- As for Solid what is the direction and waves
For Gases & Liquids = Longitudinal Waves, direction of energy is parallel
For Solid = Transverse Waves
Acoustic Impedance
= materials ability to transmit sound and is related to molecular density
What is Attenuation
And the 3 Causes?
Progressive loss of acoustic power of US as distance travelled ⬆️
- Absorption
- Beam Divegence
- Deflection
- Reflection = Bounce back
- Refraction = Diffrent Angle
- Dispersion = Scattering
What is the Protein
And the Fluid Content
Most to least (Protein)
Least to Most (Fluid Content)
Bone
Careful
Tendon
Skin
Muscle
Nerve
Fats
Blood
Sinusoidal Meaning?
The Pattern that the sound waves travels
Thermal & mechanical effects:
Blood Flow = (+) friction
1C / 1.8F = increase the metabolic rate
2C / 3.6F - 3C / 5.4F = reduces Ms. Spasm, Pain, & ⬆️ Blood Flow
4C / 7.2F = boost collagen extensibility & inhibit sympathetic ability.
It is the formation of gas bubbles
What is the Good and Bad effects of it?
Cavitation
It is the progressive loss of acoustic power of US as distance traveled ⬆️
Attenuation
What are the 3 causes of attenuation?
A. Absorption
B. Beam Divergence
C. Deflection
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Dispersion = Scattering
What are the Thermal & Mechanical Effectss:
Blood Flow = (+) Friction
1C / 1.8F = Increases the metabolic rate
2C - 3C / 3.6*F - 5.4 *F = Reduces Ms. Spasm, pain, & ⬆️ blood flow
4C / 7.2F = boost collagen extensibility & inhibit sympathetic ability
It is a violent collapse / inclosion of glass bubbles resulting in tissue destruction.
Unstable Cavitation
US Dossage during stages of healing
Infla. Phase - Pulse US = 20% (1.0 w/cm2)
Proliferation Phase - Pulse US = 20% / 50%
Remodeling Phase - Continuous c (1.5 w/cm2)
Contraindications:
- Px c cardiac phase maker
- During Pregnancy
- Eyes & Testes
- In a region of active bleeding/ infection
- Tumor/ Malignancy
- DVT (Deep Vein Trombosis)
- Over epiphyseal trait of growing bones
