Ultrasound Abdominal Anatomy

Question 1

What causes Aerophagia?

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

What hampers evaluation of the Abdomen with ultrasound?

Answer 2

Gastric Gas

Question 3

What is visible in Ultrasound?

Answer 3

Veins are Visible!

Not arteries

Question 4

What is the echogenicity of the Portal Vein wall?

Answer 4

Hyperechoic wall

Question 5

What is the echogenicity of the Hepatic Vein wall?

Answer 5

Isoechoic wall

Question 6

What do we examine in the Liver?

Answer 6

Size
Margins 
Marginations
Echogenicity 
Architecture
Lesions

Question 7

What changes to look for in the Abdomen?

Answer 7

Hepatomegaly 
Irregular margins
Lymph node changes
Ascites
Assessment of other organs

Question 8

What are the DDx for diffusely hypoechoic parenchyma of the liver?

Answer 8

Acute hepatitis
Venous congestion
enlarged hepatic veins
Lymphosarcoma

Question 9

What do you compare the liver to to confirm hypoechoic?

Answer 9

Spleen

Kidney

Question 10

What are the DDx for diffusely hyperechoic parenchyma of the liver?

Answer 10

Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hepatic Lipidosis
Lymphosarcoma

Question 11

What are the two ways to examine the gallbladder?

Answer 11

Retrocostal approach

Intercostal approach

Question 12

What can be traced in a normal cat but not in a dog?

Answer 12

Common Bile duct

Question 13

What is the echogenicity of the contents of the Gall bladder?

Answer 13

Anechoic

Question 14

What happens to the gall bladder with anorexia or fasting?

Answer 14

Gets bigger

Question 15

What is the echogenicity of the gallbladder wall compared to the Liver parenchyma?

Answer 15

Isoechoic

Question 16

What do you see with Cholecystitis?

Answer 16

Thickened GB wall

Question 17

What echogenicity do you see with Choleliths?

Answer 17

Mineral: Hyperechoic casting with a clean shadow

Question 18

What do you see with obstruction to the GB?

Answer 18

Dilation of the GB and common Bile duct

Question 19

What is the splenic head fixated to?

Answer 19

greater curvature of the stomach

at the level of the costal arch

Question 20

What is the echogenicity of the capsule of the spleen?

Answer 20

Hyperechoic capsule

Question 21

What should you see at the Hilus of the spleen?

Answer 21

Splenic vein

Question 22

What is the echogenicity of the kidney compared to the spleen?

Answer 22

Kidney is more hypoechoic than the spleen

Question 23

What is the echogenicity of the spleen compared to the kidney?

Answer 23

Spleen is more Hyperechoic compared to the kidney

Question 24

The intrahepatic biliary duct can be seen in the normal dog and cat on ultrasound?

Answer 24

FALSE!

Question 25

What is the echogenicity of the Renal Pelvis?

Answer 25

hyperechoic due to fat

Question 26

What is the echogenicity of the bladder?

Answer 26

anechoic fluid filled structure

Question 27

What is the echogenicity of the serosa layer of the stomach?

Answer 27

Hyperechoic

Question 28

What is the echogenicity of the Muscularis layer of the stomach?

Answer 28

Hypoechoic

Question 29

What is the echogenicity of the Submucosa layer of the stomach?

Answer 29

Hyperechoic

Question 30

What is the echogenicity of the Mucosa layer of the stomach?

Answer 30

Hypoechoic

Question 31

What is the echogenicity of the lumen-mucosa interface layer of the stomach?

Answer 31

Hyperechoic

Question 32

What three layers have a hyperechoic layer of the stomach?

Answer 32

Serosa Submucosa Lumen-mucosa interface

Question 33

What two layers have a hypoechoic layer of the stomach?

Answer 33

Muscularis Mucosa "M&M's" are dark!

Question 34

What layer is the thickest in the intestines?

Answer 34

Mucosa

Question 35

What is the echogenicity of the intestines with fluid in them?

Answer 35

Anechoic

Question 36

What is the echogenicity of the intestines with gas in them?

Answer 36

Hyperechoic with acoustic shadowing

Question 37

What is the DDx for an intestine that appears corrugated on ultrasound?

Answer 37

peritonitis | pancreatitis