Pleural Space

Question 1

Parietal pleura

Answer 1

continuous and covers the inner surface of the thorax

Question 2

What are the names of the pleura?

Answer 2

Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

Question 3

Visceral pleura

Answer 3

covers the lung

Question 4

Pleural space

Answer 4

Space between the lung lobes and the body wall and individual lung lobes

Question 5

Interlobar Fissures

Answer 5

The divisions between the lobes

Question 6

“Fissure Line”

Answer 6

Pleural fluid accumulates in the interlobar fissures

Question 7

Pleural effusion

Answer 7

fluid in the pleural space

Question 8

Pneumothorax

Answer 8

gas in the pleural space

Question 9

What are the most common pleural effusions?

Answer 9

Congestive Heart Failure
Malignancy
Trauma
Chylothorax

Question 10

What kind of fluid do you find with Congestive Heart Failure?

Answer 10

Modified Transudate

Question 11

What kind of fluid do you find with Pyothorax?

Answer 11

Exudate

Question 12

What kind of fluid do you find with Malignancy?

Answer 12

Modified Transudate

Question 13

What kind of fluid do you find with Pneumonia?

Answer 13

Modified Transudate

Exudate

Question 14

What kind of fluid do you find with Trauma?

Answer 14

Modified Transudate

Question 15

What kind of fluid do you find with Coagulation defect?

Answer 15

Modified Transudate

Question 16

What kind of fluid do you find with Hypoproteinemia?

Answer 16

Transudate

Question 17

What kind of fluid do you find with Mediastinitis?

Answer 17

Modified Transudate

Exudate

Question 18

What kind of fluid do you find with Chylothorax?

Answer 18

Modified transudate

Question 19

What kind of fluid do you find with Diaphragmatic Hernia?

Answer 19

Modified Transudate

Question 20

What are the radiographic signs of Pleural Effusion?

Answer 20

Soft Tissue Opacity
Retraction of pleural surface of lung away from pleural surface of thoracic wall, with interposed soft tissue opacity
Increased soft tissue with scalloped margins
decreased cardiac silhouette visualization
obscured diaphragmatic outline

Question 21

What is the minimum amount of fluid needed to detect wide fissures?

Answer 21

100mL

Question 22

What causes Asymmetric fluid?

Answer 22

Complete Mediastinum

Fenestrations closed by exudate: Pyothorax

Question 23

What does chronic fluid lead to?

Answer 23

Fibrosis

Question 24

What are some Pleural Fluid “Fakeouts”

Answer 24

Normal thin fissures
Costal Cartilages
Chondrodystrophic morphology

Question 25

What are the causes of Pneumothorax?

Answer 25

``` Tear in lung involving visceral pleura Hole in thoracic wall extension of pneumomediastinum Iatrogenic Rupture of lung lesion ```

Question 26

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 26

Tension due to lung laceration where air leaks out upon inspiration but cannot return

Question 27

What is seen on radiographs for pneumothorax

Answer 27

Retraction of pleural surface of lung away from pleural surface with Interposed radiolucency on lateral radiographs Dorsal displacement of the heart away from the sternum Contralateral midline shift Flat Diaphragm Caudal displacement of diaphragm Tenting of diaphragm

Question 28

2 important things to look for in tension pneumothorax?

Answer 28

Flattening of the diaphragm | Tenting of the diaphragm

Question 29

What are some pneumothorax fakeouts?

Answer 29

Hypovolemia causing cardiac "elevation" Thoracic wall conformation causing cardiac "elevation" Skin fold creating peripheral radiolucency