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IR&RC Addiction Counselor Exam > Understanding Addiction And Recovery > Flashcards

Understanding Addiction And Recovery Flashcards

1
Q

NIDA definition of Addiction

A

A chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking behavior and use, despite harmful consequences.

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2
Q

ASAM definition of addiction

A

A primary chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry. Dysfunction leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social, and spiritual manifestations.

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3
Q

How is addiction similar to other chronic diseases?

A
  • Dysrupts normal functioning
  • Has serious harmful consequences
  • Preventable and treatable
  • Can last a lifetime
  • May be fatal if untreated
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4
Q

Is the term “addiction” clinical or diagnostic?

A

Clinical

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5
Q

What does “addiction” mean in clinical terms?

A

Brain changes resulting from long-term use of ETOH or other drugs that may lead to harmful behaviors and other physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual consequences.

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6
Q

What biological factors affect risk for addiction?

A

gender, ethnicity, and developmental stage

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7
Q

What social factors affect risk for addiction?

A

conditions at home, at school, or in the community

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8
Q

How do protective factors affect addiction risk?

A

They reduce it.

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9
Q

What percentage do genetic factors account for in a person’s addiction risk?

A

40-60 percent

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10
Q

During what stage of life are home and family factors most important?

A

Childhood

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11
Q

What type of factors at home affect a persons risk for substance use?

A

Parents or family members who use or engage in criminal behavior.

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12
Q

During what period of development is the impact of friends and school greatest?

A

Adolescence

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13
Q

What sort of friend and school factors increase risk of SUD?

A

Friends who use, poor academic performance, and poor social skills.

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14
Q

What populations are at greater risk for developing SUD?

A

Adolescents and individuals with mental illness.

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15
Q

How does the method of administration affect the addictive potential of a substance?

A

Drugs that are injected or smoked have increased potential.

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16
Q

Why are drugs that are smoked or injected higher in addiction potential?

A

The high comes on faster and more intense.

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17
Q

What area of the brain is still maturing during adolescence?

A

Prefrontal cortex.

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18
Q

What impact does drug use during adolescence have on the brain?

A

Can change the development of the prefrontal cortex.

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19
Q

How does the prefrontal cortex affect a teen’s choice to use drugs?

A

They are more likely to make bad decisions (like using drugs) because the prefrontal cortex is not matured.

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20
Q

What are the major theories of causation?

A
  • Moral
  • Disease
  • Genetic
  • Cultural
  • Blended
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21
Q

How does the moral model of causation say SUD are developed?

A

They are human weaknesses and defects of character.

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22
Q

How does the moral model of addiction affect views of addicts?

A

Reduces sympathy.

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23
Q

What does the disease model of causation say impacts the development of SUD?

A

It is an illness caused by impairment of healthy neurochemical or behavioral processes.

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24
Q

What model of causation is used in most therapeutic settings?

A

The disease model

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25
Q

To whom is the disease model of causation attributed?

A

E.M. Jellinek

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26
Q

When did the World Health Organization acknowledge alcoholism as a serious medical problem?

A

1951

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27
Q

When did the American Medical Association declare alcoholism a treatable illness?

A

1956

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28
Q

When did the American Psychiatric Association start using the disease model?

A

1965

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29
Q

When did the American Medical Association begin using the disease model of SUD?

A

1966

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30
Q

How does the genetic model of causation say SUD is developed?

A

Individuals have a genetic predisposition for SUD

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31
Q

How much evidence is available supporting a genetic link for SUD?

A

The model is well supported by strong evidence.

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32
Q

How does the cultural model of addiction describe the causation of SUD?

A

Certain cultures are either protected or susceptible to SUD.

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33
Q

What is the blended model of causation?

A

Blends all other models together and says it can be different for each individual.

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34
Q

How are different SUDs described?

A

They lie along a continuum from risky to problematic.

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35
Q

What is the minor end of the SUD continuum?

A

Relatively “disease free” but engages in maladaptive behaviors that they have control over.

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36
Q

What is the most severe end of the SUD continuum?

A

Individuals have no control over their use.

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37
Q

Do individuals always advance along the continuum of SUDs?

A

No

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38
Q

When is total abstention from substances necessary?

A

When the individual loses control of use at first use.

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39
Q

What age group tends to advance on the SUD continuum faster?

A

Adolescents

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40
Q

What specific drugs increase the progression along the SUD continuum?

A

Meth, crack, and opioids

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41
Q

How does the chemical action of substances affect the brain?

A

Stimulates certain brain systems.

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42
Q

What effect does the chemical action of substances have overall?

A

Causes the addiction.

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43
Q

What factors play less a role in creating SUDs as addiction progresses?

A

Psychological and social factors.

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44
Q

By what terms is addiction usually described?

A

Psychological, social, and biological.

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45
Q

What factors exacerbate the addictive process?

A

Biological differences in metabolism; different levels of susceptibility to reinforcing effects of drugs; personality disorders and depression; and low frustration or distress tolerance.

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46
Q

What happens at the beginning of substance abuse?

A

Increased tolerance and use.

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47
Q

What happens in later stages of addiction?

A

Life becomes centered on obtaining, using, and recovering from drug use.

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48
Q

What psychological factors affect the SUD continuum?

A

Use of substances for enhanced perception of rewards; cycle of avoidance.

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49
Q

What rewards may occur from substance use?

A

Enhanced sex; enhanced social situations; boost in self-worth; alleviation of stress and tension; and relief of pain.

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50
Q

What happens as an individual relies on substances as a coping skill?

A

Other coping skills atrophy.

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51
Q

What social factors affect the SUD continuum?

A

Substances may become a part of an individual’s social identity and they act as a social lubricant.

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52
Q

What biological factors affect the SUD continuum?

A

The brain’s chemistry changes with long-term use.

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53
Q

What is the role of dopamine in the mesolimbic sytem?

A

Dopamine is released causing pleasure.

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54
Q

What portion of the brain is repsonsible for the reward/pleasure pathways?

A

The mesolimbic system.

55
Q

What happens as the brain is consistently flooded with dopamine?

A

The brain produces less of it.

56
Q

How do drugs affect a person’s ability to enjoy life?

A

They lose the ability to experience pleasure as a result of life experiences without substances.

57
Q

How do co-occuring mental health problems affect the SUD continuum?

A

Individuals with mental health problems may use substances to self-medicate.

58
Q

What is the most widely used and abused substance in America?

A

ETOH

59
Q

What type of substance is alcohol?

A

Sedative-hypnotic.

60
Q

What sex is more likely to develop alcohol consumption problems?

A

Women

61
Q

What effect does ETOH have on the body?

A

Initially causes feelings of pleasure and relaxation; followed by relaxation.

62
Q

How many stages of effect does alcohol have?

A

Eight

63
Q

Why are women more likely to develop ETOH consuption problems?

A

Blood alcohol typically is higher due to women being of a different composition than men (ETOH is more diluted in men than women)

64
Q

What is the most common illicit drug in the US?

A

Marijuana

65
Q

When did use of marijuana recently start increasing again among young people?

A

2007

66
Q

What schedule is marijuana according to the federal government?

A

Schedule I

67
Q

What happens when marijuana is smoked?

A

THC spreads from the lungs into the blood stream and to the brain and other areas of the body.

68
Q

What brain system does marijuana affect?

A

The endocannabinoid system.

69
Q

What does over activation of the endocannabinoid system result in?

A

Altered mood and perceptions, impaired coordination, difficulty thinking and problem solving, and disrupted learning and memory.

70
Q

What percentage of marijuana users become addicted?

A

9 percent.

71
Q

What names is synthetic marijuana called?

A

Spice, K2, fake weed, Yucatan Fire, Skunk, moon rocks.

72
Q

What is synthetic marijuana?

A

Dried/shredded plant materials with synthetic added chemicals.

73
Q

What effect does long term marijuana use have on school?

A

Lower school performance and increased likelihood of dropping out.

74
Q

What effect does long-term marijuana use have on a person’s career?

A

Increased absences, tardiness, accidents, workers compensation, and job turnover.

75
Q

What groups are increasing in rates of prescription drug abuse?

A

Teens, young adults, older adults, and women.

76
Q

Where do prescription drugs rank among use of illicit substances?

A

It is second highest.

77
Q

What contributes to high numbers of prescription drug abusers?

A

Ease of access.

78
Q

What percentage of prescription drug abusers obtain them from a friend or family member?

A

60%

79
Q

What substance increases risk of overdose with prescription drugs?

A

Alcohol.

80
Q

What classes of prescription drugs are frequently overused?

A

Opioids, CNS depressants, & stimulants

81
Q

In what ways are prescription drugs prescribed?

A

Taking a medication prescribed to someone else; taking more of a medication than prescribed; taking for another purpose than prescribed

82
Q

What street drugs are similar to prescription opiates

A

Heroin

83
Q

What street drugs are similar to CNS depressants?

A

GHB and Rohypnol

84
Q

What street drugs are similar to adhd medications?

A

PCP or ketamine

85
Q

Why are opiates particularly dangerous?

A

Depress breathing

86
Q

From which drugs do people die of overdose most often?

A

prescription opioids

87
Q

What has occurred (on rare occasions) from mixing ritalin (dextromethorphan) with decongestants?

A

Hypoxic brain damage due to severe respiratory depression

88
Q

When do withdrawal symptoms appear?

A

Withing a few hours to several days after discontinuation of use.

89
Q

What part of the brain is the “pleasure center?”

A

Nucleus accumbens

90
Q

Why do withrawal symptoms occur?

A

Nucleus accumbens activity falls below normal.

91
Q

What affects the severity of withdrawal symptoms?

A

Length and degree of addiction

92
Q

What substances can be deadly?

A

ETOH and benzos

93
Q

How does SAMHSA define recovery?

A

“a process of change whereby individuals improve their health and wellness, to live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.”

94
Q

What factors affect recovery?

A

race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, family history, life-cycle stage, environment, culture, and other factors

95
Q

What two forces are part of the recovery paradigm?

A

1) affirmation of the real potential for resolution of behavioral health problems and 2) a public health movement offering solutions for behavioral health problems

96
Q

How does the recovery management (RM) model of treatment address substance use?

A

Wraps traditional interventions in a continuum of recovery support services.

97
Q

What is the RM continuum of recovery?

A

Pre-recovery –> recovery initiation and stabilization –> Recovery maintenance

98
Q

What does the RM model emphasize?

A

Post treatment monitoring and support; long-term, stage appropriate recovery education; peer-based coaching; assertive linkage to recovery communities; and early re-intervention

99
Q

What are two SAMHSA grants that help increase understanding of recovery?

A

Access to Recovery and Recovery Community Support

100
Q

How has the addiction model of recovery affected mental health treatment?

A

Mental health treatment is recovery based

101
Q

What does ROSC stand for?

A

Recovery oriented systems of care

102
Q

What is ROSC?

A

A partnership with SUD and mental health professionals to guide the behavioral health system and promote individual, program, and system-level approaches to foster health and resilience

103
Q

Aside from health and resilience, what other things does ROSC attempt to do?

A

Increase housing, employment, and education; reduce barriers to social inclusion

104
Q

How can addiction counselors assist in designing and maintaining ROSCs?

A

Identify gaps in services; identify emerging client needs; and monitor system effectiveness

105
Q

What are the four dimensions of ROSC essential to supporting a life in recovery?

A

Health, home, purpose, and community

106
Q

What does the health remain of ROSC cover?

A

Overcoming/managing one’s disease and living in a physically and emotionally healthy way

107
Q

What does the home dimension of ROSC entail?

A

A stable and safe place to live

108
Q

What does the purpose dimension of recovery cover?

A

Meaningful daily activities such as job, school, volunteerism, family care taking, or creative endeavors and the independence, income, and resources to participate in society

109
Q

What does the community dimension of ROSC entail?

A

Relationships and social networks that provide support, friendship, love, and hope

110
Q

How many guiding principles of ROSCs are there?

A

10

111
Q

What is the first guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery emerges from hope: the belief that recovery is real and achievable

112
Q

What is the second guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery is person centered: self-determination and self-direction are foundations for recovery

113
Q

What is the third guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery occurs via many pathways: built on multiple capacities, strengths, talents, coping skills, resources, and inherent value of each person.

114
Q

What is the fourth guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery

115
Q

What is the fifth guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery is supported by peers and allies

116
Q

What is the sixth guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery is supported through relationships and social networks

117
Q

What is the seventh guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery is culturally based and influenced

118
Q

What is the eighth guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery is supported by assessing trauma

119
Q

What is the ninth guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery involves individual, family and community strengths and responsibility

120
Q

What is the 10th guiding principle of ROSCs?

A

Recovery is based on respect

121
Q

What are the core components of ROSCs?

A

Collaborative decision making; continuity of services and supports; service quality and responsiveness

122
Q

What is recovery management?

A

How the process of “continuity of care” in addition treatment and recovery services are organized

123
Q

What creates success, even in involuntary substance abuse treatment?

A

Personal engagement with the process of recovery

124
Q

Models of recovery management are founded on what assumption?

A

Full recovery may require multiple interventions or treatment episodes

125
Q

What are the three phases of the recovery process?

A

Pre-recovery identification and engagement; recovery initiation and stabilization; and recovery maintenance

126
Q

What is recovery capital?

A

internal and external assets which assist in recovery

127
Q

What are internal assets assisting in recovery?

A

Qualities, characteristics, and skills posessed by the person in recovery

128
Q

What are external assets assisting in recovery?

A

Resources outside the individual

129
Q

What are 3 types of recovery capital?

A

Personal, family/social, and community

130
Q

What things make up personal recovery capital?

A

physical health, financial assets, health insurance, safe shelter, clothing, food, and access to transportation

131
Q

What is human recovery capital?

A

Less tangible resources such as values, knowledge, and hope

132
Q

What is family/social recovery capital?

A

Interpersonal relationships with others willing to support a person in recovery

133
Q

What is community recovery capital?

A

Community attitudes towards addiction and recovery, local regulations and policies, and resources available for treatment and support

IR&RC Addiction Counselor Exam (6 decks)

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