Understanding Business Flashcards
(138 cards)
Multinationals
A multinational corporations has branches (called subsidiaries) in more than one country. The distinguishing feature of an MNC is that it sets up production facilities in more than one country
ADVANTAGES
- increases market share
- cheaper labour and production
- take advantage of government grants
- avoid or reduce tax
- save costs on transport
- avoid trade barriers
DISADVANTAGES
- languages barriers
- different laws
- fluctuation in exchange rates
- perception of cheaper labour
Stakeholders
Internal- These are stakeholders from within the business
External- theses are stakeholders from outside the business
INTERNAL
- employees
- manager
- share holder
EXTERNAL
- suppliers
- banks/lenders
- government
- local community
Stakeholders:
Employees
Interest- good salary, job satisfaction, good working conditions, job security
Influence- They can change the standard of their work, take industrial action
Stakeholders:
Managers
Interest- Good salary/bonuses,job satisfaction, responsibilities / status
Influence- they make decisions such as hiring staff, selling products etc
Stakeholders:
Shareholders
Interest- Want the firm to be profitable, healthy dividends, improved share value
Stakeholders:
Suppliers
Interest- Will want the business to be successful to ensure repeat custom, they depend on the custom for survival
Influence- can change prices, offer discounts, change their lead times
Stakeholders:
Banks and lenders
Interest- they want to make sure that cash flow is stable so they can ensure repayment
Influence- can choose weather to grant or withhold loans, can extend or shorten the loan repayment period can change the interest rates
Stakeholders:Government
Interest- Want to receive money through income tax, do not want to pay benefits to unemployment workers
Influence-Set tax rates, introduce legislation that can have an effect on the business, offer or withhold grands
Stateholders conflict
- Managers want to make high profits
- customers want the best quality for the cheapest prices
- managers may want to close a branch to save money on staff wages
- employees want to keep their jobs
Stakeholders interdependenc
- Managers will want customers to buy products to make a profit
- Customers want managers to provide them with the product they want
- managers want employees to be as productive as possible
- employees need managers to provide the necessary training
- owners will want suppliers to produce products on time
- suppliers want owners to provide them with repeat custom
Tall structures
many layers of management which means a long chain of command
- may result in inefficient communication
Flat structures
- fewer layers of management with a shorter chain of command
- management salaries will be less
Delayering
removing layers of management
shares money on management salaries
employees feel more empowered with decision making
less opportunity for promotion
wider span of control means that there may be possible supervision issues
Problems with overstocking
- Expenses increase through costs toed to security, storage and insurance
- increased risk of theft
Problems with under stocking
- Employees and machinery sit idle if the production has to stop
- customers may not receive their goods on time. this will led to increased complaints
- poor image and reputation and reputation for the business
Internal recruitment
Organisations advertise the vacancy within the business.
This means that only existing members of staff can apply. This could be done through posting information on notice this could be done through posting information on notice boards or via staff email.
ADVANTAGES
- vacancy can be filled quickly
- successful candidate knows how the organisation work
- organisations know s the strength of the person they appoint
- money can be saved on the costly recruitment process
DISADVANTAGES
-Field of candidates are restricted are restricted. the best candidate for the job may not already workforce of the organisation
- no existing employees may have the skills required for the job
-a further vacancy will be created if an organisation promotes within
conflict may occur if within existing employees completing for a job
External recruitment
This is when an organisation offers the vacancy to everyone(in and out of the business). These jobs may be advertised in newspapers or on websites
ADVENTAGES
-new ideas can be brought into the organisation
-large pool of people to choose from
recruitment agencies can assist with filling the vacancy
DISADVANTAGES
- existing employees who don’t get the job may be demotivated
- it is costly to recruit through newspapers/ websites
- the successful applicant is unknown, and therefore ultimately be the wrong person
Into the pipeline
POINT OF SALE MATERIAL
materials manufactures give to the retailer to display their products
SALE OR RETUN PROMISE
manufacturers may give retailers the option of returning products that they feel may not get sold
DEALER LOADERS
manufacturers may offer deals to encourage the retailer to stock their products
STAFF TRAINING
the manufacturer may provide training for retailer staff to ensure they have good knowledge of the products
Out of the pipeline
FREE SAMPLES
retailers may offer free samples to encourage to buy the products
LOYALY SCHEMES
large retailers often offer loyalty schemes in which customers ca collect points for making purchases in store
VOUCHER
retailers may offer vouchers in newspapers/ magazines which entitle the customers to a discount of future purchases
SPECIAL OFFERS
a variety of discounts or reductions can be offered to customers, often from large retailers such offers are usually short term
Product life cycle :
Development
The first stage is research development. An organisation will carry out several activities to develop their products
PROFITABILITY
NO SALES and HIGH COSTS
NO PROFIT
Product life cycle :
Introduction
the newly developed product is launched. the organisation will heavily advertise to make customers aware. sales begin to increase. Innovative products have little/no competition so charge a high price
PROFITABILITY
NO SALES and HIGH COSTS
LITTLE/ NO PROFIT
Product life cycle :
Growth
Sales are increasing substantially as product becomes popular. costs are beginning to level out out after advertising campaigns. Competitors begin to launch their own or similar products
PROFITABILITY
INCREASING SALES and AVERAGE COSTS
RISING PROFIT
Product life cycle :
Maturity
this is the peak level of sales. product is extremely well known within the market. organisations may look into possible extension strategies to maintain this
PROFITABILITY
HIGH SALES and AVERAGE COSTS
HIGHEST PROFIT
Product life cycle :
Saturation
by this stage the product is no longer in demand. it may be that everyone has the product, or it has become out of date. high levels of competition within the market
PROFITABILITY
CECREASING SALES AVERAGE COSTS