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YR1 BEHAVIOUR > Understanding Dog Behaviour > Flashcards

Understanding Dog Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is nature?

A
  • instinctive or innate behaviour inherited from their parental line
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2
Q

What is nurture?

A
  • learned behaviour they acquire from experience/their lifestyle/events in their life/watching others
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3
Q

What is natural selection?

A
  • the adaption of species to their natural environment
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4
Q

What is artificial selection?

A
  • manipulation of behavioural and physical traits through selective breeding by humans
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5
Q

Dogs behavioural differences from wolves?

A
  • sensitivity towards humans
  • juvenile behaviour (barking and begging)
  • lack the final stage of hunting pattern (killing)
  • facial expressions more subtle
  • body language more subtle
  • calmer temperament
  • males/females not inhibited from breeding
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6
Q

Dogs behavioural similarities with wolves?

A
  • social group is family and litter
  • facial expressions and body language
  • scavenging
  • greeting rituals
  • howling (isolated pack members)
  • herding (eye and stalk phase)
  • territorial (scent marking and vocalisation)
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7
Q

Dogs physical characteristics from wolves?

A
  • dogs have their oestrus cycle 2x as often as wolves
  • dogs have smaller brain to body mass ratio
  • dogs have less powerful jaws
  • compacted teeth
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8
Q

What dogs were originally bred for versus modern time use?

A
  • dogs were originally bred to perform specific tasks for work
  • in modern times, dogs have been bred as ornamental pets
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9
Q

Behaviours seen in hunting breeds?

A
  • active
  • alert
  • hunt
  • point
  • retrieve
  • hardy
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10
Q

Behaviours seen in herding breeds?

A
  • stalking
  • staring
  • chasing
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11
Q

What behaviours are seen in crossbreeds?

A
  • behavioural traits have become fixed within breeds due to intensive artificial selection and crossbreeding has resulted in intermediate behaviour that differs from their purebred parents
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12
Q

What behaviour is commonly seen in Cocker spaniels and golden retrievers?

A
  • the gene from dopamine receptor is associated with aggressive behaviours also referred to as rage syndrome
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13
Q

What behaviour is commonly seen in Dobermans?

A
  • canine compulsive disorder is linked to the cadherin gene
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14
Q

What are different breed characteristics?

A
  • activity levels
  • excessive barking
  • snapping
  • demand for affection
  • aggression towards dogs
  • aggression towards humans
  • territorial defence
  • trainability
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15
Q

Why is it important to study breed differences?

A
  • useful in matching new owners
  • for heritability testing from assistance dogs, police dogs and therapy dogs
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16
Q

What are the 6 life stages of dogs?

A
  • pre natal
  • neonatal
  • transition
  • socialisation
  • juvenile
  • adult
17
Q

Pre-natal - what occurs in this stage?

A
  • offspring are dependent on their mothers physiological state during pregnancy
  • also noted that emotional mothers tend to have more emotional offspring
18
Q

Neonatal - what stage is this?

A
  • puppies are altricial, so are helpless and dependent on their mother
19
Q

Neonatal - what behaviours do they display at this stage?

A
  • alternate sleeping and feeding
  • suckling reflex is a primary behaviour
  • cannot pass urine or faces without mothers help
  • incapable of controlling their internal body temp
  • born deaf and blind
  • stay close to mother and littermates
20
Q

Neonatal - what is olfactory imprinting?

A
  • they are able to recognise scent of the mother and littermates
21
Q

Transition - what occurs in this stage?

A
  • rapid transition in neurological and physical development
  • eyes and and ears open
  • rapid increase in stimulation
  • movements are more co-ordinated
  • begin to learn more from. Mother through observations and copying
  • engage in social play
22
Q

Socialisation - what occurs in this stage?

A
  • gradual development of brain, nervous system and behaviour
  • recognise littermates and capable of socialisation
  • develop ability to run, inhibit biting and barking
  • develop how to display social signals
  • accept social rank
  • explore their environment
23
Q

Socialisation - what should they be introduced to?

A
  • introduced to new or unfamiliar stimuli to build confidence
  • introduced to many different types of people
24
Q

Juvenile - what age are the puppies?

A
  • from 12 weeks to 6 months
25
Q

Juvenile - what occurs at this stage?

A
  • short attention span and still easily excited
  • increased energy levels
  • increased independence
  • onset of puberty
  • development of territorial and resource gaurding may be observed
26
Q

Adult - what age is this?

A
  • 6 to 12 months
  • once puberty and sexual maturity has been reached
27
Q

Adult - what occurs in this stage?

A
  • they continue to add behaviours to their existing repertoire
28
Q

Geriatric - what is this age?

A
  • 7 to 12 years
  • varies among breed sizes mainly
29
Q

What are the 4 learning processes?

A
  • habituation and sensitisation
  • associative learning
  • trial and error learning
  • observational learning
30
Q

What is habituation?

A
  • the warning of a response to an event that has no consequence or purpose
  • this is the process whereby an animal becomes accustomed to a repeated environmental stimulus
31
Q

What is associative learning?

A
  • when they associate their behaviour with the outcome
  • occurs when 2 unrelated events become connected in a dogs mind
32
Q

What is observational learning?

A
  • watching and coping from others
  • puppies imitate behaviours
  • they learn communication signals
  • they mimic behaviours
  • they use other dogs as models
33
Q

What is trial and error learning?

A
  • practicing and learning from mistakes
  • the dog links the behaviour with a specific reward
  • positive outcomes means they are likely to repeat
  • the dog uses problem solving
  • this leads to positive reinforcement training

YR1 BEHAVIOUR (10 decks)

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