understanding health and wellbeing - Unit 3 AOS 1

Question 1

health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmaty.

Question 2

wellbeing

Answer 2

includes the health of all dimensions of health, characterised by an equilibrium in which an individual feels happy, healthy and capable.

Question 3

health and wellbeing

Answer 3

• relates to an individual’s physical, mental,
  emotional, social, and spiritual states, where an individual can experience balance and an overall level of satisfaction, enabling them to effectively function

Question 4

optimal health and wellbeing

Answer 4

• involves an individual experiencing their highest possible level of heath and wellbeing, with limited negative characteristics of the dimensions of health and wellbeing, taking into account their own circumstances.

Question 5

disease

Answer 5

a diagnosible physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage

Question 6

illness

Answer 6

• a self perceived negative state of health and wellbeing
• it is a more subjective concept relating to personal experience. It describes the feeling that comes with disease

Question 7

physical health and wellbeing

Answer 7

refers to the functioning of the body and its systems , including the capacity to perform daily activities and tasks
- healthy body weight
- free from illness
- adequate energy
- strong immune system
- regular excersise
- appropriate levels of physical fitness

Question 8

mental health and wellbeing

Answer 8

cognative functioning including their state of mind their ability to think and process information
- low low levels of stress and anxiety
- high confidence and self esteem
- positive thought patterns
- able to process information to solve problems

Question 9

social health and wellbeing

Answer 9

refers to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others, and the ability to manage and adapt to different social situations
- supportive friends
- well functioning family
- effective communication
- showing empathy

Question 10

emotional health and wellbeing

Answer 10

refers to the ability to recognise, understand, manage and express emotions in a positive way, while displaying resilience
- effectively responding to emotions
- recognise emotions
- managing emotions

Question 11

spiritual health and wellbeing

Answer 11

refers to values, ideas, beliefs and ethics, as well as having meaning, purpose and fulfilment in life
- sense of belonging
- peace and harmony
- purpose in life
- act according to values

Question 12

the dynamic nature of health and wellbeing and illness

Answer 12

health, wellbeing and illness are not static, they are constantly changing and progressing depending on our own experiences and interactions with the environment.

can change positively or negatively

changes can be slow
- e.g. constantly consuming unhealthy food

changes can be fast
- e.g. loosing a loved one

Question 13

the subjective nature of health and wellbeing and illness

Answer 13

health, wellbeing and illness are primarily dependant on a persons own interpretation and current situation

it can mean different things for different people and can depend on factors such as age, sex income and past experiences
- e.g. some people with illness may experience high levels of heath and wellbeing if their illness is managed.

Question 14

the interrelationship between the 5 dimensions

Answer 14

the five dimensions are interrelated and a change to one, will likely result in a change to all

Question 15

individual benefits of health and wellbeing as a resource

Answer 15

optimal health and wellbeing can have many benefits as a resource on individuals
- optimal physical health and wellbeing means an individual can be free from injury and disease and have adequate anergy levels to participate in activities such as recreation and sport.
- optimal physical health and welbeing means individuals are free from pain resulting from disease and illness, allowing htm to function properly, go to work or school, and participate in health promoting activities.
- fewer experiences of illness and injury mean an individual will eperience fewer healthcare costs. This allows for money to be spent elsewhere.
- as a result form decreasing the risk of premature death, illness and injury, individuals can be free from the pain caused by these, allowing them to participate in activities they enjoy.

Question 16

national benefits of health and wellbeing as a resource

Answer 16

optimal health and wellbeing can have several benefits on the population of a country
- if a nation is experiencing optimal physical H+W, there will be reduced reliance on healthcare system so money can be put towards other resources
- if a nation is free from illness and injury and reduced levels of stress, there will ne less absenteeism from work, increasing work productivity
- optimal health and wellbeing means higher average income means there is more tax revenue so governments can put money towards improving things such as infrastructure
- longer life expectancy
- reduces stress in the community

Question 17

global benefits of health and wellbeing as a resource

Answer 17

optimal health and wellbeing can have several benefits on a global scale
- optimal health and wellbeing is essential for trade between countries. Countries can produce more goods and services that can be traded on the global market. This generates revenue for governments, allowing for improved resources for the globe.
- optimal physical h+w will mean reduces spread of communicable diseases that can spread due to the interconnected nature of the globe. This reduces the chance of a pandemic which has major global implications such as reduced economic loss, less travel and food insecurity.
- optimal health and wellbeing acts a global resource by maintaining peace and security. when countries combined have reduced stress and anxiety (mental health and wellbeing) and access to resources, there is less likely to be conflict between countries.

Question 18

prerequisites for health

Answer 18

peace
food
shelter
education
income
stable ecosystem
social justice
sustainable resources
equity

Question 19

prerequisites for health - peace

Answer 19

• Absence of conflict, involving freedom from civil disturbance and conflict.
• reduced the likelihood of conflict such as wars that can directly cause injury. reduces the risk of premature death of injury (increase p h+w)
• peace means individuals can life freely without the threat of violence. this reduces stress and anxiety (increase m h+w)
• peace mans there is less discrimination on certain religious beliefs meaning individuals ar free to practice their religion (increase spiritual H+W)
• peace means infrastructure can be maintained
• increases access to food and water (Increase p h+w)

Question 20

prerequisites for health - food

Answer 20

• adequate food allows individuals to consume a diet full of nutrients, which is essential to the bodies immune functioning (increased p h+w)
• food provides energy to complete tasks (increased p h+W)
• food security means indivuals do not have to worry about when and what they will eat next reducing stress and anxiety (increased p h+w)
• adequate food promotes intellectual capacities leading to better employment

Question 21

prerequisites for health - shelter

Answer 21

• protects individuals from extreme weather, therefore decreasing injury and illness (increased p h+w)
• shelter allows individuals to focus on employment and education, allowing them to pursue a meaningful life
• shelter provides a place for people to get enough sleep, allowing them to complete their daily activities.
• shelter can provide privacy and safety, thus reducing stress and anxiety (increased mental health and wellbeing)
• shelter promotes a sense of belonging (increases spiritual h+w

Question 22

prerequisites for health - education

Answer 22

• allows individuals to gain employment to earn an income, therefore increasing their access to food, healthcare and shelter, thus reducing injury and illness (increased p h+w)
• meaningful employment promotes self esteem (increased m h+w)
• meaningful employment promotes a sense of belonging and purpose in life (increased spiritual h+W)
• increased health literacy makes individuals more likely to have a balanced diet, exercise regularly and practice hygiene (increased p h+w)

Question 23

prerequisites for health - income

Answer 23

• having a decent income allows individuals to access basic resouces such as healthcare, food and water, decreasing the chance of disease and injury (increased p h+w)
• and income can allow individuals to enjoy leisure activities, reducing stress and anxiety (increased m h+w) and providing meaning and purpose in life (spirtual H+W)
• income allows individuals to go out with friends (increased socoal h+w)
• increased tax revinue

Question 24

prerequisites for health - stable ecosystem

Answer 24

• a stable ecosystem is required for optimal production of nutritious foods to supply humans with energy (increased p h+w)
• plants and animals provide opportunity for income
• clean water and air reduces illness and disease (increased p h+w)
• A stable environemnt means individuals can enjoy the natural envronment, reducing stress and anxiety.

Question 25

prerequisites for health - sustainable resources

Answer 25

• sustainability means meeting the presents needs, which out compromising the needs of the future
• sustainable practices in obtaining food such as sustainable fishing will allow for ongoing supply of food now and into the future.
• using more sustainable resources over fossil fiuels will help to reduce pollutants in the air, thus increasing air quality. it also reduces the impact of climate change for the future and associated natural disasters such as floods.
• sustainable use of land and water increases the ability of future generations to access clean water, preventing diseases.

Question 26

prerequisites for health - social justice

Answer 26

• all individuals should have equal rights regardless of their personal traits ensures everyone has the opportunity to promote their health and wellbeing
• being treated fairly regardless of personal traits decreases stress and anxiety
• social justice prevents conflict, thus reducing injuries and promoting physical health and wellbeing
• ensures women have an opportunity to be educated

Question 27

prerequisites for health - equity

Answer 27

• improves disadvantaged groups quality of life and standard of living
• everyone has access to healthcare
• allows disadvantaged groups to feel values and promotes a sense of belonging)

Question 28

health status indicators

Answer 28

• aspects of health and wellbeing that can be measured, providing the ability to make judgements about health status
• health status is an individual or populations overall level of h+w, taking into account a range of measurable factors such as morbidity rates and burden of disease.

Question 29

Self assessed health status

Answer 29

• an individuals own opinion about their health and wellbing at a given period of time
• it is often collected from population surveys
• subjective

Question 30

Life expectancy

Answer 30

• the years of life an individual can expect to life at a particular age if death rates do not change.
• increases as a person bets older
• does not provide information about health issues
• useful for comparing countries
• life expectancy at birth takes into account infant and under 5 mortality rates which are the highest.

Question 31

Health adjusted life expectancy

Answer 31

• the time an individual can expect to live in full health without the consequences of disease or injury
• time lives without reduces functioning

Question 32

Mortality

Answer 32

• the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time
• mortality rates are refer to the number of deaths usually per 1000 or 100000
• from a specific cause or all causes combined
• data can produce trends allowing tragedies to be put in place to reduce mortality rates
• important for identifying lead causes in deaths

Question 33

Infant mortality rates

Answer 33

• measure of the deaths of infants before their first birthday per 100000
• sudden infant death syndrome

Question 34

Under 5 mortality rates

Answer 34

The number of deaths of children under the age of 5
- low birthweight resulting in underdeveloped immune systems

Question 35

Maternal mortality rates

Answer 35

• The number of mother who die as a result of pregnancy o childbirth
• cardeovascular disease
• hemerage (excessive bleeding)

Question 36

Morbidity

Answer 36

• Ill health in an indi ideal or levels of Ill health in a population at a given period of time
• it could be from injuries, diseases, disabilities or any other non-fatel conditions
• incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or condition
• prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a particular disease or condition

Question 37

Burden of disease

Answer 37

• I measure of the impact of disease or injury
• it measures the gap between current health status and the ideal health status where individuals live free of disease and disability
• measured in disability adjusted life year - one DALY is equal to one year of life lost due to premature death or illness, disease or injury.

Question 38

Disability adjusted life year

Answer 38

• one Daly is equal to one year of healthy life lost to disease or disability or death resulting from disease or disability
• Daly is equal to the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the years of life list due to disability.