Understanding pathophysiology CH4 Flashcards
Hypoxia charetoristics?
Lack of cellular oxygen causes an increase in anaerobic respiration leading to a lack of sodium and potassium transport across the cell membrane. Eventually, the cells swell due to fluid accumulation and die
Nutritional imbalances charectorists?
Pathophysiological cellular effects develop when nutrients are not consumed in the diet and so are not transported to the body’s cells, or when excessive amounts of nutrients are consumed and transported to the body’s cells
Hypothermic injury causes?
Caused by chilling or freezing of cells, creating high intracellular sodium concentrations; or abrupt drops in temperature leading to vasoconstriction and increased viscosity of the blood, and causing ischaemic injury, infarction and necrosis
Hyperthermic injury causes?
Caused by excessive heat; varies in severity according to the nature, intensity and extent of the heat
Atmospheric pressure causes?
Tissue injury caused by compressive waves of air or fluid impinging on the body, followed by a sudden wave of decreased pressure. Changes may collapse the lungs, rupture internal solid organs and cause widespread haemorrhage (bleeding). Also, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which are normally dissolved in the blood, come out of solution and form small bubbles (called gas emboli), causing hypoxic injury and pain
Sunlight injury causes?
Prolonged exposure to sunlight has been strongly linked to skin cancers
Trauma causes?
Injury is caused by physical impact or irritation; injuries may be overt or cumulative
What is cell chemical injury?
Chemical injury to the cell begins with a biochemical interaction between a toxic substance and the cell membrane, which is ultimately damaged, leading to increased permeability.
what is physical cell injury?
Physical agents that lead to cell injury include blunt trauma to the body resulting in damage to the tissues and penetrating wounds that pass the skin and enter the body, such as surgical incisions.
what is infectious agent cell injury?
Infectious microorganisms can enter the body and multiply rapidly to cause disease. They may enter the cell, like viruses, or release toxins that are harmful to the cell.
what is genetic cell injury?
Genetic abnormalities can produce defects in cellular metabolism, alter the structure and function of cells and make cells more susceptible to injury.
ATP depletion effects on cell?
Loss of mitochondrial ATP and decreased ATP production. Results include cellular swelling, decreased protein production and decreased membrane transport — all changes that contribute to loss of integrity of the cell membrane
Oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals effects on cells?
Lack of oxygen is key in the progression of cell injury in ischaemia (reduced blood supply); reactive oxygen species cause destruction of the cell membrane and cell structure
