Unidad 1

Question 1

Explorers of North America​

Answer 1

The British colonists brought with them a religious project, unlike other conquests. ​

The settlers arrived by their families -> foundations of society

Question 2

Native American

Answer 2

Native American, also called American Indian.

Pre-Columbian Americans used technology and material culture.

Hunting and gathering cultures or agricultural peoples.

Fishing, gathering and hunting

Confederacies

Polytheists

Common resource tu use

Question 3

Indigenous tribes

Answer 3

Lumbee Native American Tribe of North Carolina​

Iroquois Native American Tribe​

Creek (Muscogee) Native American Tribe​

Blackfeet (Siksikaitsitapi) Native American Tribe​

Apache Native American Tribe​

Sioux Native American Tribe​

Chippewa Native American Tribe​

Choctaw Native American Tribe ​

Navajo Native American Tribe ​

Cherokee Native American Tribe​

Question 4

What were when europeans arrived?

Answer 4

Farming​

Complex social structures ​

Trade networks

Question 5

How affected the european arrival?

Answer 5

Diseases decimated the native population: smallpox and influenza

Question 6

Class distintions in native tribes

Answer 6

Rulers and families​

Warriors and clerics​

Rest of the community​

Matrilineal system

Question 7

Levels of social organization​

Native tribes

Answer 7

Bans and clans
Tribes
Chiefdoms
State

Question 8

Iroquois confederacy

Answer 8

considered one of the most important peoples before and after the arrival of Europeans in North America. ​

5 groups that shared geographic location, traditions and customs, and languages

Promoted peaceful coexistence among the region’s tribes

Key players in the early settle until the Revolutionary War.

Question 9

Indian Reservations

Answer 9

They are territories (which are located in both the United States and Canada), but which are still under the sovereignty of the Native American tribes.

In the period of independence, the right to possession by indigenous tribes is also recognized, but this at the federal level.

Question 10

Tribes nowadays

Answer 10

Protected by the 1787 constitution

They are excluded as subjects of taxation​

Regulations on commercial issues​

Congress conducts relations with tribes​

Hierarchy between native and constitutional laws​

Question 11

The Thirteen Colonies​

Características

Answer 11

Established between 1607 and 1732.​

*Religious freedom (Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Maryland)​

*Business purposes (Virginia and South Carolina)​

*Socioeconomic reasons (Georgia and North Carolina)

Question 12

What was the relationship with the English Crown during the 13 colonies?​

Answer 12

Some obtained letters granted by the Parliament​

​

Others by means of patents granted by the king or Parliament​

​

Direct dependency with the Crown

Question 13

Early bonds of the colonies​

Answer 13

Independence​

Autonomous colonies​

Civic participation​

Question 14

Life in the Thirteen Colonies​

Answer 14

Puritanism, Calvinism and the arrival of other religions​

New England - North America​

The first local assemblies and boards​

First constitutions and freedom*​: Connecticut (fundamental orders), Massachusetts, Virginia.

Question 15

Constitutions​

Answer 15

Natural Law​

Constitutionalism​

Question 16

Benjamin Franklin​

Answer 16

He was one of the most important leaders of the independence movement. ​

He did not believe in religion, but he respected and shared the rituals. ​

He was very popular with the elite and was a member of Freemasonry​

Question 17

War Britain France

Answer 17

1754

War begins between Britain and France for control of North America.

Question 18

The Stamp Act (1765)

Answer 18

This act required the American colonies to pay a tax on printed materials such as newspapers, books, and official documents.

The colonists were unhappy with the tax, as they had no representation in Parliament and therefore had no say in the matter.

Question 19

The Townshend Revenue Act (1767)

Answer 19

This legislation imposed taxes on goods such as glass, paint, paper, and tea imported into the colonies.

While the revenue generated by these taxes was intended to help pay off the British debt from the French and Indian War, the colonists saw this as another example of taxation without representation.

Question 20

Colonist reaction of increase of taxes

Answer 20

Wars created a spirit of cooperation​

Taxation without representation is tyranny​

Union strengthened against British policy​

Question 21

Taxation without representation is tyranny

Answer 21

James Otis

Question 22

Proposals for constitutional compromises​

Answer 22

Advocate constitutional respect and establish an agreement between the Colonies and the Empire.

Question 23

Declaration of Independence of 1776​ Fundamental reasons​

Answer 23

The British government had denied the colonists the traditional rights of the English.​

The Crown had violated the “natural rights” of the colonists: the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.​

Question 24

After signing the Declaration​ of Independence…

Answer 24

It was not ratified by all the colonies, now called states. ​

The colonies relied on the voluntary collaboration of the states. ​

Creation of the Articles of Confederation in 1777, which was the basis of the government of the United States of America for at least eleven years.

Question 25

George Washington​

Answer 25

Commander of the Continental Army Defeated British forces​ He obtained the collaboration of the French​ Considered the Father of the Nation​ By not seeking a third presidential term, he laid the foundation for the country's politics.

Question 26

American War of Independence​ Background​

Answer 26

Great Britain​: Takes all of North America​ France​: Take back the islands of the Antilles ¡English Victory!

Question 27

After the English victory​

Answer 27

Great Britain​: Beat FR and kept Quebec​, The cost for military expenses was very high​, King George III intended to gain strength with the colonies​.

Question 28

Boston massacre​

Answer 28

in 1770 Colonists protested the rate hike​ There were shots fired by the British military occupation​ Increased tension and ideals of independence​

Question 29

Tea Act of 1773​

Answer 29

It would be the last act promulgated by the British Parliament towards the colonies.​ Its objective was to increase the resources of fiscal contribution.​ Create a monopoly for the British East India Company in the sale of tea.​ This harmed American merchants and promoted the illegal trade in tea.​

Question 30

Tea Party​

Answer 30

Tea Party Occurred in Boston on December 16, 1773​ ​ Several settlers disguised themselves as natives (Mohawks) and carried out a boycott by throwing merchandise from cargo ships

Question 31

The Continental Congress​

Answer 31

It is formed with the "sons of liberty" who would become the founders of the United States. ​ But when the negotiations did not work, the Continental Army was created. ​ The English were no longer fighting against other powers, but with their own colonies. ​ The conflict breaks out, which would last almost 8 years.

Question 32

Treaty of Paris of 1783​

Answer 32

It was signed between Great Britain and the United States on September 3 to end the war. ​ The independence of the 13 colonies was recognized.

Question 33

After de American War

Answer 33

Benjamin Franklin was the plenipotentiary ambassador to France to negotiate economic aid from Louis XVI for the war and announced the advancement of the 13 constitutions. ​ Thought based on the principles of natural reason and the essential rights of humanity. 

Question 34

Constitution writers​ | Constitutions of...

Answer 34

Constitution of Massachusetts: Declaration of rights and the importance of the separation of powers. ​ Constitution of Pennsylvania: Declaration of democracy and away from the monarchical system. Natural rights and the human heart. ​ Constitution of Georgia​: It limits democratic

Question 35

A new government based on laws​ after the treaty of Paris | Características

Answer 35

Respect the independence of states**​ Avoid the excesses of democracy that can lead to anarchy and despotism​ Preserving the English constitutional tradition​ Integrate the news about the rights of man ​ Naturalism and rationalism

Question 36

Philadelphia Convention

Answer 36

Second Continental Congress Get support from representatives​ Prove that it would respect the sovereignty of states​ Philadelphia Project

Question 37

Articles of Confederation of 1781​

Answer 37

They proclaimed a solid league of friendship. 13 articles.​ Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence.  The powers of the Confederation were delimited.​ Of short duration, in addition to the fact that it was not ratified by all the members.​

Question 38

Constitution of 1787​

Answer 38

Republican: popular power Controversy over the authorization of the people and not of the States.  Sovereignty of the people as a natural right, however, this would be a future problem.  Strict separation of 3 powers Constitutional supremacy without violating the sovereignty of the states.​

Question 39

How powerful should the new government be?

Answer 39

Not so weak to prevent future conquests​ Not so strong to prevent future tyrannies

Question 40

Early American political ideologies​ | Facciones

Answer 40

Those who wanted a central power with great capacity to govern. ​ Those who wanted to maintain the autonomy of the states.​

Question 41

Two new parties

Answer 41

Federalist Party (Federal Union, unionist philosophy)​ Republican Democratic Party (states' rights advocate)

Question 42

Federalist Party​

Answer 42

The state debt became part of the national debt.​ The central government is strengthened. ​ Formed by several of the founding fathers and the elite. ​ They were looking to make peace with GB.

Question 43

Republican Democratic Party​

Answer 43

It was born from the opposition to the Federalist Party.​ Against the central government and the unionists.​ Made up of low-income people, or landowners who did not want a monarchical power in their own territory