Unit 0

Question 1

Single-Blind Studies

Answer 1

Participants dont know which treatment group they are in

Question 2

Hawthorn effect (observer effect)

Answer 2

When people know they are being watched so they act unnaturally

Question 3

Quasi Experiment

Answer 3

Like a true experiment except participants are NOT randomly assigned to the experimental groups

Question 4

Institutional Review Board

Answer 4

Review proposals for research that involves human participation
Approval from IRB required for experiment to proceed

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

teaches first psycho course as Harvard professor
Developed functionalism

Question 6

Normal Distribution

Answer 6

Bell curve

Question 7

Reliability

Answer 7

Whether or not experiment can be repeated

Question 8

Informed Asset

Answer 8

Agreement by an individual not competent to give legally valid informed consent (ages 7-17)

Question 9

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 9

(r)
Numerical representation of strength between Z variables
Determines whether or not one variable predicts the other
1 or -1 is strongest closer to 0 is weaker

Question 10

Random Assignment

Answer 10

Random Process that ensures all members have an equal chance of being in either control or experimental groups

Question 11

Convenience Sample

Answer 11

Using respondents who are convenient for the researcher. No pattern to getting respondents. Can be recruited by asking random people in public

Question 12

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 12

Established first US psych lab
Established American Psychological Association (APA)

Question 13

American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 13

Largest professional organization representing psychology in the US
Established code of ethics all psychologists must follow in their work + ensure practices are ethical

Question 14

Representative Sample

Answer 14

Group that closely matches characteristics of its population as a whole.

Question 15

Double-blind Studies

Answer 15

Neither experimenter or participants know who is in which treatment group until the study concludes

Question 16

Random Sample

Answer 16

Everyone in population has equal chance of being included. Eliminates bias

Question 17

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 17

Established psych as a academic study in GERMANY
Focuses on introspection
Tested reaction time in adults

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

Experiment is testing what it is supposed to test

Question 19

Sigmond Freud

Answer 19

Introduces psychoanalysis
Interpretation of Dreams
Explored unconscious mind driving human behavior & free association

Question 20

Edward Fitchner

Answer 20

Developed structuralism

Question 21

Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, & John B. Watson

Answer 21

Studying of learned behaviors is biggest subject of intrest

Question 22

Jean Piaget

Answer 22

Studies differences in childern’s minds/logic
studied how our mind approaches decision making & thinking
cognitivism

Question 23

Falsifiablity

Answer 23

The ability to prove your hypothesis wrong

Question 24

Confederates

Answer 24

Someone helping conduct the experiment enters as one of the subjects, with the other subjects unaware

Question 25

Lobotomy

Answer 25

First procedure was in DC Drilling 2 holes into prefrontal cortex & injecting pure ethyl alcohol to relieve severe psychosis

Question 26

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Answer 26

Unconscious part of our mind which controls much of our thought and action. Psychoanalytic emphasizes role of early childhood experiances

Question 27

Biological

Answer 27

Examine human thought and behavior in terms of physical & biological processes

Question 28

Behavioral

Answer 28

Focuses on learned behaviors. Differs from other perspectives because it focuses solely on observable behaviors

Question 29

Cognitive

Answer 29

Focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem-solving, language and decision making

Question 30

Socio-Cultural

Answer 30

How thoughts and behaviors vary between cultures. Seeks to understand human behavior by examining the rules of social groups

Question 31

Humanistic

Answer 31

Human capacity for choice and growth. Positive outlook on people related to their motivation to fulfill their potential

Question 32

Evolutionary

Answer 32

Human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection. Focused on study of how evolution explains psychological processes.

Question 33

Standard Deviation (SD)

Answer 33

How far from average scores in group differ from mean of that group.

Question 34

Z Score

Answer 34

number of standard deviations from the mean a data point is

Question 35

1 standard deviation %

Answer 35

68%

Question 36

2 standard deviation %

Answer 36

95%

Question 37

3 standard deviations

Answer 37

99.7%

Question 38

P-Value

Answer 38

% of the experiment results that are random <.05 or <5%