Unit 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
phonics
the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent; also used as a descriptor for code-based instruction
phonemic awareness
the conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoke syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds
syllable
the unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel
orthography
a writing system for representing language
morphophonemic
English orthography is morphophonemic, which means that it is a deep alphabetic writing system organized by both sound-symbol correspondences and morphology
morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit of language
cognate
a word in one language that shares a common ancestor and common meaning with a word in another language
metalinguistic awareness
the ability to think about and reflect on the structure of language itself
decoding
the ability to translate a word from print to speech
academic language
written or spoken language that is more stylistically formal than spoken conversational language
orthographic mapping
the mental process used to store words for immediate and effortless retrieval.
lexicon
the name for the mental dictionary in every person’s phonological processing system
grapheme
a letter or letter combination that spells a phoneme
automaticity
the ability to read quickly and accurately without conscious effort
phoneme-grapheme mapping
the matching of phonemes in words with the graphemes that represent them
alphabetic principle
the concept that letters are used to represent individual phonemes in the spoken word
sight vocabulary
a student’s bank of words that are instantly and effortlessly recognized
single deficit
a prominent and specific weakness in either phonological or naming speed processing
double deficit
a combination of phonological and naming-speed deficits
benchmark
a standard of a set of standards used as a threshold for predicting future risk for reading difficulty
reliable measure
a measure that is likely to yield the same result if it were to be given several times on the same day in the same context
valid measure
a measure that measures what was intended; corresponds well to other known, valid measures; and predicts with good accuracy how students are likely to perform on an accountability measure
curriculum-based measurements
standardized measurement that assess content that students should master by the end of the grade level that the measurement prepresents
