Unit 1

Question 1

Define

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of form.

Question 2

What does anatomy examine?

Answer 2

• Structure of body parts
• Relationship between parts

Question 3

Define

Physiology

Answer 3

The study of function.

Question 4

What does physiology examine?

Answer 4

• Function of body parts.

Question 5

What are of the subdivisions of anatomy?

Answer 5

There are 3 subdivisions:

• Gross anatomy
• Microscoping anatomy
• Developmental anatomy

Question 6

Define

Gross anatomy

Answer 6

The study of anatomy with the unaided eye.

Question 7

What are the methods of gross anatomy?

Answer 7

There are three:

• Dissection
• Medical imaging
• Exploratory surgery

Question 8

The ways of studying gross anatomy?

Answer 8

There are three:

• Regional anatomy
• Systemic anatomy
• Surface anatomy

Question 9

Define

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 9

The study of anatomy too tiny to see with the unaided eye.

Question 10

What are the areas of microscoping anatomy?

Answer 10

There are two areas:

• Cytology
• Histology

Question 11

Define

Developmental anatomy

Answer 11

The study of the changes occuring throughout life
(including the changes before birth).

Question 12

Define

Regional anatomy

Answer 12

The study of anatomy by where it is located.

Question 13

Define

Systemic anatomy

Answer 13

The study of anatomy that is functionally related.

Question 14

Define

Surface anatomy

Answer 14

The study of internal anatomy in the context of external markings.

Question 15

Define

Cytology

Answer 15

The study of cells.

Question 16

Define

Histology

Answer 16

The study of tissues.

Question 17

Define

Specialized branches of anatomy

Answer 17

Anatomy that studies specific systems.

(examples: histology, neurology)

Question 18

Define

Complementarity of structure and function

Answer 18

The relationship of form and function.

Question 19

What is the relationship of form and function?

Answer 19

Anatomy determines physiology.
Physiology is dependent on anatomy.

Vaginal cartilage!

Question 20

Describe

hierarch of complexity

Answer 20

also: Levels of Organization

There are levels of organization that become more complex as the level increases.

Question 21

Describe

Levels of Organization

Answer 21

also: hierarch of complexity

There are levels of organization that become more complex as the level increases.

Question 22

Name the different levels in the
hierarch of complexity.

Answer 22

As six levels:

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

As seven levels:

chemicals, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 23

What is included in the Chemical level of organization?

Answer 23

• Atoms
• Molecules

Question 24

What is included in the organelle level of organization?

Answer 24

the structures of cells that perform functions

Question 25

What is included in the _cellular level_ of organization?

Answer 25

The different cell types.

Question 26

Number of different cell types?

Answer 26

???

Question 27

# Define Tissue

Answer 27

A group of cells working together to perform a specific function.

Question 28

What are the types of tissue?

Answer 28

There are four: * epithelial * muscle * connective * nervous

Question 29

# Define Organ

Answer 29

A group of tissues working together to perform functions.

Question 30

# Define Organ system

Answer 30

A group of organs working together to perform functions. (organs can be part of multiple systems)

Question 31

# Define Organism

Answer 31

A single, complete individual. | (such as a plant or animal)

Question 32

Name the different organ systems.

Answer 32

There are 11. Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulator/Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Urinary, Digestive, Reproductive

Question 33

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 33

There are seven. * Organization & Cells * Metabolism * Responsiveness & Movement * Homeostasis * Development * Reproduction * Evolution

Question 34

Describe the _Organization & Cells_ characteristic of life.

Answer 34

living things are organized

Question 35

Describe the Metabolism characteristic of life.

Answer 35

the ability to take in chemicals & change them There are two types: * Catabolic * Anabolic | (via chemical reactions)

Question 36

# Define Catabolic metabolism | (catabolic reaction)

Answer 36

breaks large chemicals into smaller chemicals | (example: digestion)

Question 37

# Define Anabolic metabolism | (anabolic reaction)

Answer 37

builds a larger chemical from smaller chemicals example: growth

Question 38

Describe the Responsiveness & Movement characteristic of life.

Answer 38

Life can detect and respond to environmental change. Environmental change can be internal or external.

Question 39

# Define Stimuli

Answer 39

an environmental change | (can be internal or external)

Question 40

# Define Responsiveness

Answer 40

The ability to detect and respond to stimuli. There are two other terms for this. * Irritability * Excitability

Question 41

Name the types of movement?

Answer 41

There are three. * Whole body * Cellular * Substances

Question 42

# Define Homeostasis

Answer 42

maintaining stable internal conditions as the environment changes

Question 43

Describe the _development_ characteristic of life?

Answer 43

The changes that occur over a lifetime. Involves two processes: * Differentiation * Growth

Question 44

# Define Differentiation

Answer 44

Cells become _specialized_

Question 45

# Define Growth

Answer 45

An increase in size. There are three ways. * # of cells * size of cells * increased distance

Question 46

Name the ways growth occurs.

Answer 46

There are three. * # of cells increase * size of cells increases * distance increases

Question 47

Describe the Reproduction characteristic of life.

Answer 47

A production of either * new organism * new cells

Question 48

Describe the evolution characteristic of life.

Answer 48

This can be either: * changes in population over time * genetic mutation (changes) that give a survival advantage

Question 49

Describe the "internal stability" of homeostasis.

Answer 49

A _dynamic equilibrium_, never exactly consistent, fluctuation within a range of acceptable values _to maintain an optimal, most efficient state_.

Question 50

Name the methods of communication of the human body.

Answer 50

There are two. * Hormones (chemical) * Nerve impulses (electrical)

Question 51

# Define Controlled condition

Answer 51

The thing in the environment being monitored. example: CO2 in the blood

Question 52

Name the parts of control mechanisms.

Answer 52

There are three. * Receptor * Control center * Effector

Question 53

Describe the role of a receptor.

Answer 53

It receives information about the environment (body).

Question 54

Describe the function of a control center.

Answer 54

Analyzing the information and issues a response.

Question 55

Describe the function of an effector.

Answer 55

Performs the instruction to cause a change.

Question 56

Name the two types of control mechanisms.

Answer 56

There are two: * Negative feedback system * Positive feedback system

Question 57

Describe the function of a negative feedback system.

Answer 57

Keeps the condition near a set point. | (most systems are this way)

Question 58

Describe the function of a positive feedback system.

Answer 58

Allows conditions to change more (in a self-amplifying way). * Increases original stimulus * Shut-off by an external stimulus example: giving birth (increasing contractions until the baby is pushed out)