Unit 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Objectivity
situation based only on facts and evidence, no bias or personal experience effecting the situation
Subjectivity
situation based on personal experience
Bias
a perspective that’s for or against something because of reasons
Confirmation Bias
choosing events, facts, opinions, data that support what you believe
“Cherry Picking”
Heuristic
any approach to problem-solving that uses a practical method
“Mental shortcuts”
Algorithmic
problem solving process using a systematic approach
Misinformation
false information spread without ill intent
“Spread via ignorance”
Disinformation
false information spread on purpose
“Lie”
Lie of Omission
when an important fact is “left out” to foster a misconception
Pseudoscience
non-science / junk science
“False”
- Unfalsifiable - vague or unobservable claims, can’t be proven wrong
- Anecdotes - personal experiences
- Cherry Picking - confirmation bias
- Technobabble - words that sound scientific but aren’t
- Lacks Plausible Mechanisms - no way to explain it based on existing knowledge
- Unchanging - science requires change over time
- Extraordinary or Exaggerated Claims
- Certainty - talks with great confidence and “proof”
- Logical Fallacies
- Lacks Peer Review
- Claims there is a conspiracy to suppress their ideas
Occam’s Razor
among a series of competing hypothesis the one that requires fewer assumptions is most likely correct
“The simplest explanation is usually true”
Logical Fallacy
flaw in reasoning, faulty logic in an argument
How to Read a Graduated Cylinder
always measure at eye level and to the bottom of the meniscus
Changing Equipment Will Increase Inaccuracy
Random Error - each piece of equipment has a different error margin
Systematic Error
one in which all data is affected by same amount over multiple measures
- high precision, low accuracy
- ex.
- not zeroing scale, your glassware’s margin of error as labeled on the glassware
Parallax Error
alteration of the measure because of the angular measure it is viewed
- always measure at eye level to the bottom of the mensicus
Random Error
when you have reached the limitation of the equipment
- ex
- weighing the same thing 5 times on a scale and it reading 5 different numbers by .01
Personal Error
“oops” affects usually a small non-sequential amount of data
- usually the outlier on a graph
Lab Safety
acid into water, etc.
Relationship Density Has To Mass and Volume
Density = mass / volume
Mass vs. Weight
Mass - “how much matter an object has”
Weight - the gravitational pull on an object
Density
how much of something there is in one unit
- ex
- 1.06 g/mL
1.06 gram for every mL in something
Buoyancy
floating tendencies
- ex
- yellow floats on top of red when added together
Relationship Between Density and Buoyancy
the less dense solution will float on the more dense solution
