unit 1

Question 1

Pharmacon

Answer 1

biologically active substance

Question 2

logos

Answer 2

a study

Question 3

Drug definition

Answer 3

a substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure of FUNCTION of the BODY

Question 4

Drug medicine definition

Answer 4

◦ “A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine but not a device or a component, part, or accessory of a device”

Question 5

Drugs can be __ or __.

Answer 5

natural (50%) or synthetic (50%)

Question 6

Morphine is a _ drug

Answer 6

natural

Question 7

Aspirin is a _ drug

Answer 7

Synthetic (made from chemicals)

Question 8

What is prescription drugs?

Answer 8

Drugs that require a doctor to prescribe them

Question 9

What are over-the-counter drugs?

Answer 9

Drugs available without a prescription.

Question 10

3 ways of naming pharmaceuticals

Answer 10

1. chemical name
2. generic names (shortened)
3. trade or brand name (recognize)

Question 11

A drug works by __ existing functions by a ligand __ to a target. Then changes the shape and signal.

Answer 11

modifying
binding

Question 12

Agonist Drug

Answer 12

helps give activity and mimics the natural agonists in the body (for enhanced results)

Question 13

Antagonist drug

Answer 13

BINDS to the cell receptor and BLOCKS access to site of natural agonists

Question 14

Active ingredient refers to the ingredient that causes the _ effects

Answer 14

biological

Question 15

Off-label prescribing

Answer 15

prescribing that isn’t OFFICIALLY approved but often done when others agree

Question 16

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 16

the movement of drugs throughout body (Absorption / Drug in circulation, drug in distributed in tissues, drug metalized, drug excreted)

Question 17

Pharamcodynamics

Answer 17

the effects of drugs: therapeutic effects and toxic effects

Question 18

Pharmacokinetics: the movement of drugs across bilogical membranes happens in these 3 ways

Answer 18

1. Passive transfer
2. Carrier-mediated transfer
3. Endocytosis

Question 19

Passive transfer

Answer 19

Simple diffusion. It moves molecules through membranes (HIGH to LOW).

Question 20

Carrier-mediated transport

Answer 20

Facilitated diffusion. Carrier proteins move the molecules

Question 21

Active transport

Answer 21

low to HIGH

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

a form of ACTIVE transport using cell membrane

Question 23

9 things that impact the rate of absorption of a drug

Answer 23

1. dissolving time
2. formulation of drug
3. size of particles
4. solubility
5. Ph
6. GI motility (gastro-int)
7. Food in stomach
8. metabolism
9. Surface area of intestines

Question 24

What impacts RATE of DISTRIBUTION

Answer 24

1. lipid solubility
2. blood flow
3. ionization process

Question 25

Drug is eliminated through

Answer 25

1. renal (kidneys) 2. fecal 3. pulmonary (arteries) 4. glands

Question 26

Stimulation (increases/decreases) activity in specific CELLS

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

Depression (increases/decreases) activity in specific CELLS

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

Irritation (increases/decreases) INFLAMATION in specific CELLS (cells die)

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

What do ANTI-INFECTIVE drugs do?

Answer 29

destroy infective organisms

Question 30

Factors that influence the effect of drugs

Answer 30

1. weight 2. age 3. gender 4. race 5. metabolism 6. health

Question 31

• PharmacoGENOMics

Answer 31

how the GENOME impacts how an indiv responds to drug

Question 32

• Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 32

Analysis of value for the money that is spent on the drug

Question 33

TOXICOLOGY

Answer 33

deals with adverse effects of drugs / study of poison

Question 34

SOLUTIONS pros and cons

Answer 34

SOLUTION PROS 1. Solutions easier to instill than ointments 2 Solutions have shorter contact time SOLUTION CONS 1. More irritating than ointments

Question 35

OINTMENT USE & Pros/Cons

Answer 35

USE: ointment is a semi-solid substance applied to lower eyelid to treat disorders OINTMENT CON: 1. allergies, 2. blurred vision OINTMENT PRO: 1. more stable 2. less contamination

Question 36

SUSPENSION

Answer 36

substance that separates and must be shaken b/c big particles fall to bottom

Question 37

A COMPOUNDED pharmaceutical

Answer 37

made to order by pharmacist PROS can customize it (allergies), change formation (e.g. pills to cream) e.g. can compound (make/combine) different eye drops

Question 38

Parts of a drug prescription

Answer 38

1. pharmacy name, address, and phone 2. patient name, address, and birthdate 3. date of prescription 4. Rx symbol (superscription) 5. Drug name & type 6. Instructions 7. Quantity 8. Refill info 9 Signature

Question 39

Prescription abbreviation OD

Answer 39

Oculus dexter (right eye)

Question 40

Prescription abbreviation OS

Answer 40

Oculus sinister (left eye)

Question 41

Prescription abbreviation OU

Answer 41

both eyes

Question 42

Prescription abbreviation QID, TID, BID

Answer 42

QID 4x, TID 3x, Bid 2x

Question 43

Prescription abbreviation QHS

Answer 43

At bedtime

Question 44

Prescription abbreviation GT

Answer 44

drops (e.g. 3 gt = 3 drops)