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Athletic Training > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

athletic training definition

A

healthcare providers that are responsible for the prevention, rehabilitation, and management of injuries as well as the overall well-being of their active patients

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2
Q

different career setting for ATs

A

college/university, PT clinics, hospitals, law enforcement, corporate, military/government, youth sports, fitness clubs, firefighting

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3
Q

requirements for certification

A

accredited master program, board of certification, and director confirmation

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4
Q

the purpose of PPE (preparticipation exam)

A
  • identity at risk athletes
  • comparison from year to year
  • protect the institution and decrease liability issues
  • provide a safe environment for athletes
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5
Q

components of PPE

A
  • history
  • patient check-in (paperwork, fees)
  • physical exam (height, weight, vision)
  • orthopedic screening (r/o pre-existing conditions)
  • concussion baseline test (GSC, BESS, impact testing)
  • physicians exam (history review, heart, and lungs, eyes, ears, nose, referral, clearance)
  • mental health screening
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6
Q

balance error scoring system

A

tests for balance on each foot, blinded balancing, foam pad balancing,

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7
Q

impact testing

A

tests visual and verbal memory, reaction time, and processing speed

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8
Q

negligence

A

failure to use reasonable care

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9
Q

tort

A

legal wrong committed against the person or property of another

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10
Q

nonfeasance (act of omission)

A

an individual fails to perform a legal duty

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11
Q

malfeasance (act of commission)

A

an individual does something, but improperly, that she or he has the legal right to do

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12
Q

ways to reduce the risk of litigation

A
  • establish a good relationship with athletes, patients, parents, clients, coworkers
  • establish policies and guidelines
  • develop EAPs
  • keep accurate documentation
  • detailed job description
  • written consent to provide care
  • don’t use faulty equipment
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13
Q

acute

A

sudden onset

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14
Q

chronic

A

occurring over long period of time

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15
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue connecting bone to muscle

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16
Q

ligament

A

connective tissue connecting two bones or joint

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17
Q

strain

A

injury to muscle or tendon

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18
Q

sprain

A

injury to ligament

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19
Q

open/closed chain

A

the upper or lower extremity is either not fixed or fixed

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20
Q

palpation

A

to touch or feel someone or a structure

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21
Q

isometric

A

muscle contraction without movement

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22
Q

isotonic

A

muscle contraction incorporating both concentric and eccentric contraction

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23
Q

tendinitis

A

acute inflammation of a tendon

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24
Q

tendinosis

A

chronic condition due to overuse leading to degeneration of a tendon

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25
Q

bilateral

A

refers to both sides

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26
Q

unilateral

A

referring to one side

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27
Q

ipsilateral

A

referring to the same side

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28
Q

contusion

A

injured tissue or skin capillaries that have ruptured

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29
Q

power

A

amount of work over time

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30
Q

strength

A

the ability of a muscle to generate force against some resistance

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31
Q

muscular contractions

A

isometric contractions, concentric contraction, eccentric contraction, econcentric contraction

32
Q

isometric contraction

A

muscles contraction with no change in length

33
Q

concentric contraction

A

muscles shortening during contraction

34
Q

eccentric contractions

A

muscle lengthening during contraction

35
Q

econcentric contraction

A

combines both controlled concentric and eccentric

36
Q

isometric advantages and disadvantages

A

advantage- easy to apply, little space required, good for stabilizing muscles, used in rehab
disadvantage- can be boring, no hypertrophy, holding breath, cheating

37
Q

isotonic advantages and disadvantages

A

advantages- hypertrophy, multidirectional, motivating
disadvantages- space needed, spotting, cheating, weight cant be greater than weakest part of ROM

38
Q

open/closed chain examples

A

open chain lower extremities: soccer
open chain upper extremities: volleyball
close chain lower extremities: squats
close chain upper extremities: push ups

39
Q

3 phases of healing

A
  1. inflammatory response
  2. fibroblastic repair
  3. maturation remodeling
40
Q

what can impede healing?

A

the extent of injury, edema, poor vascular supply, infection, muscle spasm

41
Q

heat transfer mechanisms

A

conduction, convection, evaporation, radiation, conversion

42
Q

conduction

A

heat transferred through direct contact

43
Q

convection

A

heat transferred through movement of fluids or gases

44
Q

evaporation

A

turning liquid to vapor

45
Q

radiation

A

heat transferred from one subject in space to another

46
Q

conversion

A

generation of heat from an energy source

47
Q

physiological effects of heat and cold

A

heat- vasodilation, increased blood flow, decrease muscle guarding, decrease pain perception, increase metabolic rate, increase collagen elasticity, decrease joint stiffness, increase capillary permeability, increase edema
cold- vasoconstriction, decrease blood flow, decrease muscle guarding, decrease pain perception, decrease metabolic rate, decrease collagen elasticity, increase capillary permeability

48
Q

thermotherapy examples

A

heat packs, hot whirlpools, massage, ultrasound, radial pulse, active exercise

49
Q

cryotherapy examples

A

ice bags, ice baths, ice massages, cold compression, cyrowand

50
Q

evaluation process

A
  1. history- MOI, location, pain level, acute or chronic
  2. observation- demeanor, deformity, movement
    palpation
  3. ROM- active, passive
  4. MMT- 1-5
  5. Special Tests- r/o an injury
  6. Neurological/circulatory- sensory, motor, reflexes, capillary return
  7. assessment/diagnosis
  8. plan of management
51
Q

Functional screening test

A

functional movement screen, landing error scoring system, overhead squat, single leg squat, tuck jump test

52
Q

tendon/ muscles injuries

A

compression, tension, shearing, bending (fractures), torsion (spiral and oblique fractures)

53
Q

grade 1 muscles strain

A

some fibers have been stretched or actually torn

54
Q

grade 2 muscles strain

A

a number of fibers have been torn (can feel a depression or divot)

55
Q

grade 3 muscle strain

A

complete rupture of muscle has occurred (significant impairment)

56
Q

Spring ligament of foot

A

plantar calcaneonavicular

57
Q

arches of foot

A

metatarsal arch, transverse arch, medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch

58
Q

arch abnormailites

A

pes cavus- high arch (Achilles shortening, excessive supination)
pes planus- flat foot (pain in medial arch)

59
Q

Jones fracture

A

base of 5th metatarsal

60
Q

bunions

A

head of 1st deformity, over-pronation, flexor and extensor tendon maligned

61
Q

bones of ankle

A

tibia, fibula, lateral and medial malleolus, calcaneus , talus

62
Q

movements of ankle

A

inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, planter flexion

63
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

tenderness on the base of the 5th metatarsal
cannot walk more than 4 steps
point tender over the medial or lateral distal malleolus
tenderness over the navicular bone

64
Q

management for acute ankle sprain

A

PICE, immobilize for 1-2 days, massage

65
Q

high ankle sprain lig

A

tibiofibular ligament

66
Q

test for Achilles rupture

A

Thompsons test (squeeze calf)

67
Q

rehab tecniques for ankle

A

balance training, ROM, Achilles stretch, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

68
Q

meniscus function

A

support, cushion, stabilize

69
Q

hamstring muscles

A

bicep femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

70
Q

MOI for MCL

A

direct contact from the lateral aspect of the knee forcing the knee to bend inward or lateral tibial rotation

71
Q

MOI for PCL

A

falling directly on the knee at more or less 90 degrees forcing tibia back, or dashboard injury

72
Q

signs and symptoms for MCL injury

A

hearing a pop, cannot weigh bear, positive valgus stress test, feeling of instability, pain on medial aspect, swelling, loss of ROM,

73
Q

Knee plica

A

folding of synovial sheet
- causes: falling of knee or twist with planted foot

74
Q

structure involved with jumpers’ knee

A

infrapatellar

75
Q

ACL reconstruction

A

autograft- tissue from the patient’s body (90-95% success) hamstring or knee cap
allograft- donor tissue (not recommended for females)

Athletic Training (2 decks)

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