Unit 2

Question 1

anatomy of spine

Answer 1

cervical- 7
thoracic- 12
lumbar- 5
sacral-5

Question 2

movements of spine

Answer 2

flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, rotation

Question 3

sports with the highest cervical injuries

Answer 3

ice hockey, football, gymnastics, rugby, diving

Question 4

most common MOI for cervical fracture

Answer 4

the axial load of cervical vertebrae from force to top of head combined with flexion of neck resulting in anterior compression fracture

Question 5

most common MOI for cervical fracture

Answer 5

axial load from the top of head with flexion of neck

Question 6

whiplash and stinger/burner

Question 7

most common injured disk

Answer 7

L4-L5

Question 8

which anatomical position causes the most pressure

Answer 8

sitting bent while the way forward causes 65% increased pressure

Question 9

signs and symptoms of herniated lumbar disk

Answer 9

sharp localized pain, weakness of lower limbs, worse in the morning, sitting and/or bending increase pain, back bending decreased pain

Question 10

common signs and symptoms for Bracial Plexus Neuropraxia (stinger/burner)

Answer 10

numbness, tingling, radiation towards fingers, with loss of some function lasting for few minutes

Question 11

management of herniated disk after conservative treatment

Answer 11

epidural injection with continued, last resort should always be surgery

Question 12

a common injury to the wrist and often mishandled

Answer 12

wrist sprain

Question 13

what structures run under carpal tunnel

Answer 13

the median nerve and flexor tendons

Question 14

test for carpal tunnel

Answer 14

Phalen’s test
- downward praying hands

Question 15

de Quervain’s syndrome test

Answer 15

Finkelstein’s tests
- grab thumb within 4 fingers and stretch thumb downward

Question 16

most commonly fractured carpal bone and its management

Answer 16

scaphoid
- surgical intervention

Question 17

best management for sublingual hematoma

Answer 17

release pressure with cautery tool

Question 18

MOI of hamate fracture

Answer 18

check-swing in baseball, but particularly from contact with holding implement

Question 19

ganglion cyst

Question 20

which is a more serious Jersey finger and trigger finger

Answer 20

Jersey finger- flexor tendon rupture
Trigger finger- locked in flexion due to stenosing tenosynovitis

Question 21

management for mallet finger

Answer 21

splint immediatly

Question 22

joints of which mallet finger and boutonnieres injuries occur

Answer 22

mallet finger- distal interphalangeal joint
boutonnieres deformity- proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 23

gamekeepers thumb

Answer 23

sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of metacarpal phalangeal joint

Question 24

boxers fracture (metacarpal fracture)

Answer 24

fracture of the 5th metacarpal

Question 25

olecranon bursitis

Question 26

sports with most ulnar collateral ligament injuries

Answer 26

baseball

Question 27

Tennis elbow anatomical name

Answer 27

lateral epicondylosis

Question 28

little league/golfers elbow anatomical name

Answer 28

medial epicondylosis

Question 29

where does pronation and supination occur

Answer 29

radioulnar joint

Question 30

Cubital tunnel syndrome (funny bone)

Answer 30

ulnar nerve s&s- pain on the medial aspect of the elbow, numbness/ tingling into 4th and 5th finger, hand pain, grip weakness

Question 31

the function of MCL in the elbow

Answer 31

valgus force/stability

Question 32

ligaments of the shoulder

Answer 32

sternoclavicular lig, acromiocalvicular lig, coracoacromial lig, glenohumeral lig.

Question 33

rotator cuff muscles (SITS)

Answer 33

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 34

common MOI for AC lig sprain

Answer 34

direct blow, FOOSH, falling on top of shoulder,

Question 35

common dislocation direction of the shoulder and complication that comes with shoulder dislocation

Answer 35

anterior and inferior Hill Sachs lesion

Question 36

signs and symptoms of shoulder dislocation

Answer 36

deformity, limited ROM, pain, discoloration in hand or fingers

Question 37

anatomical name for frozen shoulder

Answer 37

adhesive capsulitis

Question 38

2 types of thoracic outlet syndrome and its signs and symptoms

Answer 38

neurological and vasculature paresthesia and pain in fingers, swelling of the hand, cold sensation, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, radial nerve palsy, positive Allen's test

Question 39

aspirate and ecchymosis

Answer 39

drain and discoloration