Unit 1

Question 1

Evidence-based practice

Answer 1

The care we provide should be derived from sound research not tradition/or provider

Question 2

Best Practice

Answer 2

Most appropriate action based on research and practice findings

Question 3

Why EBP?

Answer 3

Safety net for care providers
1. Accurate and best practice clinical decisions
2. Provide the best care
3. Solve problems
4. Learn perspectives
5. New ideas and technologies

Question 4

Examples of sources

Answer 4

-primary source
-review articles
-research articles

Question 5

Credible source Must include:

Answer 5

-true
-reliable
-feasible
-recent
-researcher or source valued

Question 6

EBP Steps 1

Answer 6

1. PICO
   P: patient pollution of interest
   I: intervention
   C: comparison
   O: outcome

Question 7

EBP Step 2

Answer 7

Collect the best evidence

Question 8

EBP Step 3

Answer 8

Critique the Evidence

Question 9

EBP Step 4

Answer 9

Incorporate EPB if stronge

Question 10

EBP Step 5

Answer 10

Evaluation

Question 11

Holism

Answer 11

Considers person as a whole, Mind/Body and Spirit
-how the individual interacts within their community (environment)

Question 12

Humanism

Answer 12

Person focussed relationships with client,

Question 13

Holism in Nursing

Answer 13

1. Accepts patients as they are without
   judgment and with compassion
2. Holism integration of Mind/Body and Spirit
3. Facilitator is the nurses role in the client’s self-healing
4. Incorporates self care and self-responsibility
5. Guided by EBP

Question 14

Health

Answer 14

’ - A state of complete physical , mental social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 15

Illness

Answer 15

Is the human experience of symptoms expressed by the person

Question 16

Disease

Answer 16

A objective (measurable) state of illness with tools (diagnosed)

Question 17

Risk Factor

Answer 17

Variables linked to increased risk of illness

Question 18

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 18

Behaviour that can be changed: diet, tobacco, exercise, alcohol use

Question 19

Individual risk factors

Answer 19

background, behaviour, and intermediate

Question 20

Background characteristics

Answer 20

Sex, age, level of education, genetic characteristics

Question 21

Intermediate risk factors

Answer 21

Comorbid conditions, diabetes, hypertension, obesity

Question 22

community level risk factors

Answer 22

Social and economic conditions (poverty, employment, family compositions and environmental conditions-(climate/ air pollution)

Question 23

Cultural conditions

Answer 23

Practices, norms and values

Question 24

Non modifiable risk factors

Answer 24

Age, sex, and genetic makeup that contribute to development of illness

Question 25

Acute

Answer 25

Sudden onset, goes away quickly 6m or less -inflection, cold, flu,

Question 26

Chronic

Answer 26

Lone term illness and persistent or doesn’t go away completely over 6m -diabetes, cancer, arthritis

Question 27

Illness behaviour

Answer 27

The actions that an individual takes in reaction to their physical symptoms

Question 28

Empowerment

Answer 28

The patient play an proactive role in taking control of their own health/ health condition

Question 29

Health Equity

Answer 29

Everyone has just and fair opportunity to attain the best care, services are accessible to everyone regardless

Question 30

Health Inequity

Answer 30

Unfair/unjust differences in health services among persons with different backgrounds

Question 31

Health disparity

Answer 31

Not having the same level of access to health services in the system causes social disadvantages

Question 32

Cultural competence

Answer 32

Recognizing the need for the knowledge and skills to modify assessment and international strategies in order to achieve equity in health outcomes

Question 33

Stereotyping

Answer 33

Assuming certain aspects of person based on their culture race and ethic group, done on superficial level

Question 34

3 domains of to combat Stereotyping

Answer 34

1. Affective domain- practitioners have awareness of needs, biases, and value 2. Behavioural domain- knowledge and skill to breach encounters 3. Cognitive domain- ???? P 26-29 Lewis

Question 35

Traditional heating

Answer 35

First Nation practices of wellness, ceremonies, plants/animals and mineral based medications, energy therapies

Question 36

Wellness circle

Answer 36

Centre- human beings Second Circle- mental, emotional, spiritual and physical Third Circle-Respect, wisdom, responsibility and relationship Fourth Circle- Family, Land Nations and Community Fifth Circle-social, environmental, culture

Question 37

Cellular Adaptation

Answer 37

Changes made a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes

Question 38

Atrophy

Answer 38

Decrease in size/weight or cell thus tissue

Question 39

Hypertrophy

Answer 39

Enlargement in cell cell size without cell division happening

Question 40

Hyperplasia

Answer 40

More cells due to increased cell division

Question 41

Metaplasia

Answer 41

Transformation of one cell to another cell in response to change in like condition or irritant

Question 42

Dysplasia

Answer 42

Abnormal differentiation of diving cels that results in changes to the cells size/shape and appearance

Question 43

Research Article Review Steps

Answer 43

1. Read title and abstract 2. Scan article 3. Study the methods 4. Read the results 5. Analyze the findings

Question 44

Misconceptions -Research Article #1 EBP

Answer 44

Participants had a hard time understanding terms Found it hard to believe HC providers will deliver that standard of care Reluctant to ask questions about their own health

Question 45

ReSearch Article # 2 EBP evolution

Answer 45

the Evolution: -mid 19th C Paris - attention in 1992, used in medical journal - increased research, Better practices Challenges: -hard to keep up