Unit 2 Flashcards
Sympathetic
fight it flight
-a and b adrnegic agonists and antagonists
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest
-cholinergic agonists & anticholinergics
Stress
Non-specific response to the body by demands made on it
Types of Stress
- Physical: exposure-may elicit harmful response leading to an identifiable illness or signs or symptoms
- Psychological: death - may cause a maladaptive response
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
-stressor stimulates CNS
1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion/Death
- Alarm
-activates SNS
-fight or flight
-Increases: HR, Heart contractions, O2 intake, engery (adrenaline)
- Resistance
-body responds to stressor trying to get back to homeostasis
-coping mech: blood pressure, heart rate to normalize
-some case a new norm
-irritability, frustration, and poor concentration
-if no homeostasis into stage 3
- Exhaustion
-stressor continues
-body is physically, emotionally and mentally exhausted
-fatigue, burnout, anxiety, depression
Holes Rache Stress inventory
Lists 43 life events that can contribute to illness
Stress and Chronic Disease
-Stress can exacerbate
Coping
The thoughts and actions we use to deal with stress
Emotion Focused coping
-resolve negative emotions
-drug therapy fall here
Problem focused coping
-targets the stressor
-remove stressor
Stress Management
-progressive relaxation
-meditation
-prayer
-yoga
-imagery
-social support
-good coping skills
-exercise and diet
-diversion activities
Chronic Stress
-effects hippocampus
-releases corticosteroids in response to stress- they act on neurotransmitters damage hippocampus
-impaired memory and recall
Chronic Stress Maladaptation
-angina
-asthma
-depression
-eating disorders
-headache
-insomnia
-irritable bowel syndrome
-low back pain
Grief
Normal reaction to loss- psychological and physiological ways
Stages of GRIEF (dabda)
- Denial- denial of reality of the situation
(Allow info to sink in) - Anger- towardeveryone
(Assit family to gain infighting intonation) - Bargaining- for intervention
(Explore client feelings) - Depression- functional decline plus increased symptoms
(Try to facilitate wishes) - Acceptance- struggling ends
(Family requires more support)
PAIN
-Physiological
-emotional
-cognitive
-sensory
-behavioural
PAIN
-whatever and wherever a person say it is
-cause suffering and reduce Quality of life
Nurse: asses and intervene appropriately when a client complains of pain
Cultural meaning of pain
Emotional and cognitive response to pain will vary
Personal/Social meaning of Pain
Plus past experience affect pain perception
PAIN assessment
P (provoke and palate)
-what makes it worse/ better?
Q (quality)
-what dose it feel like-ache, dull, sharp
R ( region, radiating)
-where is the pain location? Do you feel is anywhere else?
S (severity)
-Scale 1 to 10 how do you rate your pain, what is tolerable?
T (timing)
-when dose the pain begin?
Non Pharm Treatments
-relaxation
-distraction
-music
-acupuncture
-massage
-warm and cold
