Unit 1

Question 1

Scientific Hypothesis

Answer 1

a testable statement about the natural world

Question 2

Scientific Theory

Answer 2

well-studied explanation of a part of the natural world; should be clear, well-studied, testable, flexible, explain anomalies, create questions, and fit with other theories

Question 3

Scientific Fact

Answer 3

observation that is repeatedly confirmed

Question 4

Scientific Law

Answer 4

mathematical relationship that describes how the natural world behaves under specificconditions.

Question 5

Dependent Variable

Answer 5

changes because of manipulation; on y-axis

Question 6

Independent Variable

Answer 6

the one that you change; on x-axis

Question 7

Controlled Experiment

Answer 7

has one variable changed at a time

Question 8

6 Characteristics of Life

Answer 8

1. Grow and Develop 2. Respond to Stimuli/ Homeostasis 3. Reproduce 4. Obtain and Use Energy 5. have Genetic Code 6. Have Cells

Question 9

Levels of Biological Organization

Answer 9

atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere

Question 10

Ionic Bonds

Answer 10

take electrons from others; the weakest bonds

Question 11

Covalent Bonds

Answer 11

share bonds between electrons; strongest bonds

Question 12

Protons

Answer 12

positively charged

Question 13

Electrons

Answer 13

negatively charged

Question 14

Neurons

Answer 14

no electric charge

Question 15

Elements are made up of ___.

Answer 15

atoms

Question 16

Carbon is ____ which means the electrical charges are distributed evenly.

Answer 16

nonpolar

Question 17

Specific Heat of Water

Answer 17

the quantity of heat to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celcius degree; 1 calorie per gram per Celcius degree

Question 18

Adhesion of Water

Answer 18

when water sticks to other substances

Question 19

Cohesion of Water

Answer 19

when water sticks to itself

Question 20

Surface Tension of Water

Answer 20

what makes a belly flop hurt

Question 21

Polarity of Water

Answer 21

water is polar; that means it has both (+) and (-) charges and can attract both (+) and (-) molecules

Question 22

Solute

Answer 22

what is dissolved in the solvent

Question 23

Solvent

Answer 23

liquid that dissolves the solute

Question 24

Solution

Answer 24

liquid mixture where the solute and solvent are evenly distributed

Question 25

Saltwater has a _____ density than tap water because the salt _____ to the density of the water.

Answer 25

higher; added

Question 26

4 Macromolecules

Answer 26

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 27

What enzyme was used in the potato lab?

Answer 27

Catalase

Question 28

What affects how well an enzyme works?

Answer 28

The temperature and pH levels; temp: 20

Question 29

What potato had the biggest reactions? Which one had the smallest?

Answer 29

the frozen potato had the best, boiled potato had the worst

Question 30

Acids

Answer 30

solution with lots of H+ ions; 0-6

Question 31

Bases

Answer 31

solutions with lots of OH- ions; 8-14

Question 32

Carboxyl

Answer 32

H-O-C=O; double bonded oxygen; a lipid

Question 33

Chemical Bonds

Answer 33

the force that holds atoms or compounds together

Question 34

Compound

Answer 34

contains two or more variables combined in a fixed ratio

Question 35

Dehydration

Answer 35

2 sugars fusing with water as a byproduct

Question 36

Element

Answer 36

substance that can be broken down into similar substances

Question 37

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 37

bonded by polarity between two different molecules

Question 38

Hydrolysis

Answer 38

1 sugar combines with water to form 2 sugars; water splits sugar

Question 39

Monomer

Answer 39

small building block

Question 40

Peptide Bonds

Answer 40

form between 2 amino acids

Question 41

Polarity

Answer 41

the unequal sharing of electrons

Question 42

R Groups

Answer 42

leftovers that make proteins fold, nonpolar r groups are hydrophobic

Question 43

RNA

Answer 43

single-stranded genetic material

Question 44

Substrate

Answer 44

molecule that is bonded or changed by an enzyme

Question 45

Carbohydrate Elements

Answer 45

C, H, O

Question 46

Carbohydrate Monomer

Answer 46

sugars

Question 47

Carbohydrate Function

Answer 47

used for energy and energy storage

Question 48

Carbohydrate Examples

Answer 48

rice, pasta, fruit, plants

Question 49

Carbohydrate Structure-Function Relationship

Answer 49

Starch- stores extra glucose in plants Glycogen- stores extra glucose in animals Cellulose- makes straight bonds and is stackable and structured.

Question 50

Lipid Elements

Answer 50

C, H, O

Question 51

Lipid Monomers

Answer 51

Fatty acids

Question 52

Lipid Function

Answer 52

Phospholipids- form cell membrane Fats- store energy Steroids- signal molecules

Question 53

Lipid Examples

Answer 53

Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; saturated fats- solid like butter or animal fat unsaturated fats- liquids like oil

Question 54

Lipid Structure-Function Relationship

Answer 54

Phospholipid Bilayer- both hydrophilic and hydrophobic Triglycerides (Fats)- mare energy dense= more calories Steroids- Hydrophobic and can directly enter a cell to produce a response that starts right away

Question 55

Protein Elements

Answer 55

C, H, O, N

Question 56

Protein Monomer

Answer 56

Amino acids

Question 57

Protein Function

Answer 57

Enzymes- speed up chemical reactions

Question 58

Protein Examples

Answer 58

enzymes

Question 59

Protein Structure-Function Relationship

Answer 59

Sequence of amino acids determines the structure ad function of the protein because enzymes are specific

Question 60

Nucleic Acid Elements

Answer 60

C, H, O, N, P

Question 61

Nucleic Acid Monomers

Answer 61

Nucleotides

Question 62

Nucleic Acid Function

Answer 62

Makes DNA and RNA

Question 63

Nucleic Acid Examples

Answer 63

DNA, RNA, ATP