Unit 1

Question 1

What is lice?

Answer 1

Insect that lives on the human head, and feeds off blood.
- They are small and can only crawl
- They spread from head to head contact or by sharing clothing or belongings onto which lice have crawled or nits attached to

Question 2

How do you check for lice? What else might be in the hair?

Answer 2

You check: the hair in small sections carefully, in a well-lit and bright area
- dirt/sand
- dandruff
- residue from hair products
- nits/lice

Question 3

What are some common misconceptions about lice?

Answer 3

Head lice prefers long hair - it cant differentiate between hair lengths

Only dirty people get head lice - anyone with hair on their head can get lice

You have to cut all your hair to get rid of lice - you can use a medicated shampoo/treatment

Question 4

What are some common misconceptions about lice?

Answer 4

Head lice prefer long hair - it can’t differentiate between hair lengths

Only dirty people get head lice - anyone with hair on their head can get lice

You have to cut all your hair to get rid of lice - you can use a medicated shampoo/treatment

Question 5

How do you prevent head lice?

Answer 5

Wash bed linens, pillows, hats, clothes and more.
Avoid sharing personal things like combs, brushes, and hats.

Question 6

What is bacteria?

Answer 6

A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

Question 7

What are the three main types of Pathogenic Bacteria?

Answer 7

Cocci - spherical, alone
Staphylococci - grapes
Streptococci - beads

Question 8

What are the other three bacterias?

Answer 8

Diplococci - pairs
Bacilli - rod
Spirilla - spiral/corkscrew

Question 9

Why is Infection Control important to know? How do you prevent bacteria from spreading?

Answer 9

It’s important to know when working with the public so that you don’t cause a big spread of infection or disease. When working publicly you need to understand bacteriology, sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization.

TERM: used to describe efforts to prevent the spread of disease and kill all/certain microbes.

Question 10

Hand-washing steps:

Answer 10

1. Wet hands
2. Add liquid soap (never bar soap)
3. Lather for a min of 15 seconds
4. Rinse
5. Towel dry, turn off tap with towel

Question 11

What is the importance of hand-washing?

Answer 11

Single most effective way to prevent the spread of disease. Important to stay healthy and prevent infection, by killing germs.

Question 12

What are commonly missed areas when washing hands?

Answer 12

• Fingers
• Around fingernails (95% of germs are found under the fingernails)
• Between the fingers
• Back of the hands
• Palm of the hand

Question 13

What does hand-washing fight against?

Answer 13

• Infections
• Flu virus
• Hepatitis B (causes liver disease)
• Norovirus
• COVID

Question 14

Why is cleaning important?

Answer 14

It is necessary to eliminate disease causing microorganisms on your instruments, equipment and surfaces. Its necessary to protect yourself and your client.

Question 15

HIGH DISINFECTION STEPS:

Answer 15

I. Separate dirty instruments in a container away from everything else.
2. Use warm water, soap and brush to clean. Wear rubber gloves.
3. Rinse cleaned instruments individually with warm clean running water.
4. Disinfect and brush items. Place them into a clean container. Completely submerse items in High Level Disinfectant for appropriate time.
5. Clean the dirty container with warm water and soap.
6. Rinse with warm clean running water.
7. Disinfect with High Level Disinfectant and let air dry.
8. Clean rubber gloves with warm water and soap.
9. Rinse rubber gloves with warm clean running water.
10. Disinfect rubber gloves with High Level Disinfectant and let air dry.
11. Wash hands for 10 seconds with soap and warm clean running water.
12. Rinse instruments individually with warm clean running water. Use clean tongs to remove them from High Level Disinfectant so not to contaminate disinfected multi-use instruments.
13. Let multi-use instruments air dry.
14. Wash hands for 10 seconds with soap and warm clean running water.

Question 16

STEPS TO CLEAN + DISINFECT NON-CRITICAL INSTRUMENTS:

Answer 16

1. Place dirty instruments in container labelled “Instruments for Cleaning’.
2. Wash hands and put on rubber gloves and eye protection.
3. Clean instruments using clean warm water, soap and brush.
4. Rinse instruments with clean running water.
5. Soak cleaned instruments and brush in appropriate level disinfectant for appropriate time.
6. Use tongs to remove disnfected instruments and rinse under dean running water.
7. Let instruments, brush and rubber goves air dry.
8. Wash hands.

Question 17

What is disinfection?

Answer 17

The intermediate measure that kills or destroys most disease-producing micro
organisms, except spores.

Question 18

What is sterilization?

Answer 18

The destruction of all forms of microbial life including bacterial spores, usually
achieved by using heat and steam under pressure.

Question 19

What is the contact time for each level of disinfectant?

Answer 19

High - 20 minutes
Intermediate - 10 minutes
Low - 10 minutes

Question 20

What are disinfectants? List the 3 types

Answer 20

Chemicals used on instruments, equipment and surfaces to kill different types of microorganisms but do not kill spores.

Quats (Quaternay ammonium compound): The most advanced and sophisticated blends are called “Dual Quats”. These formulas contain anti- rust ingredients that disinfect in 10 minutes.
EX: Clean toilet

Phenolics: powerful disinfectants that have a very high pH that can cause damage to the skin and eyes. Phenolics can damage plastic, rubber and can cause certain metals to rust.
EX: Hospital side table

Alcohol: These disinfectants are the most commonly used. Two types of alcohols used are ethyl and isopropyl . These alcohols level should be 70 percent or higher.
EX: Kitchen counter top

Question 21

BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS

Answer 21

Clients do not have to share with you that they have a blood-borne infection (HIV, HEP)
- Hep B can survive on surfaces for up to 10 days
- Hep C can survive up to 4 days
These infections could be transmitted to both the worker and the client through providing and receiving services.

Question 22

STEPS TO CLEAN BLOOD SPILLS

Answer 22

• Wear disposable gloves
• Attend to the injured party
• Wipe up the blood spill with paper towel
• Dispose of towel in the garbage
• Remove gloves and dispose in the garbage
• Place garbage into another bag
• Wash hands
• Disinfect using high level disinfectant
• Wash hands

Question 23

What is barbicide?

Answer 23

Hospital Grade, EPA approved broad spectrum disinfectant (low level)

Proven effective against:
- HIV-1
- Hepatitis B, C
- Salmonella

Question 24

MIXING RATIOS for Barbicide

Answer 24

→ Hard counter tops and non-porous surfaces
Mix 2 ounces (¼ cup) of barbicide with 32 ounces of water
Spray on surface and maintain surface moisture for 10 minutes before use or drying
→ Stainless steel and plastic salon implements and equipment
Mix 2 ounces (¼ cup) with 32 ounces of water
Immerse for 10 minutes
Soak and thoroughly rinse with water before use

Question 25

CLEAN + DISINFECT IN PERSONAL SERVICE SETTING

Answer 25

1. Place used instruments in container labelled “Instruments for Cleaning” 2. Transfer dirty instruments into 70% alcohol bath 20 minutes prior to cleaning instruments (Optional). 3. Wear rubber gloves. 4. Clean instruments using warm water, soap and brush. 5. Rinse instruments with warm clean water. 6. Soak cleaned instruments and brush in second 70% alcohol bath for 20 minutes. 7. Rinse instruments under running warm water. 8. Let instruments air dry. 9. Wash hands.

Question 26

STEPS OF DECONTAMINATION:

Answer 26

→ Sanitation: Removing all visible dirt and debris is sanitizing. Most of the contaminants and pathogens can be washed from the surface with proper cleaning. While cleaned surfaces can still carry pathogens, they are less likely to spread. → Disinfection: The second step that kills most, but not all microorganisms. Do not use disinfectants on human skin, hair, or nails. This is extremely effective on shears, nippers, and other tools and equipment. → Sterilization: The complete elimination of all microbial life, including spores, and is only necessary when surgical instruments cut into the vascular layers of the body. Methods include high-pressure steam or dry heat autoclaves, and some Chemicals.

Question 27

EYE WASH STATION INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer 27

1. Push the lever to activate the unit 2. Begin to flush 3. Hold your eyes open with your fingers 4. Roll your eyes 5. Flush for a full fifteen minutes 6. Take out contacts 7. Seek medical help

Question 28

What are the classes of multi-use instruments?

Answer 28

Critical: Used for invasive procedures must be sterilized after each client by means of an autoclave or dry heat sterilizer Semi-critical: Not intended for invasive procedures but may come into contact with blood or body fluids must be disinfected after each client by means of a high or intermediate level disinfectant Non-critical: Not likely to come in contact with blood or body fluids must be disinfected after each client by means of an intermediate or low level disinfectant

Question 29

What are the classes of chemical disinfectants?

Answer 29

High: Hydrogen peroxide-6%, Peracetic acid, Chlorines-Bleach 1:10 Intermediate: Chlorines- Bleach 1:100, Isopropyl, Alchols 70%-90% Low: Quats (barbicide), phenolics, Chlorines-bleach 1:500

Question 30

PPE Examples:

Answer 30

- Thick, rubber gloves - Eye protection, goggles

Question 31

What is WHMIS?

Answer 31

Workplace Hazardous Material Information System, or WHMIS, is Canada’s standardized system for hazard communication. It is used to categorize, identify and provide information about hazardous materials as well as to set requirements relating to hazardous material labelling, use, education, and training.

Question 32

ROUTES OF ENTRY:

Answer 32

Inhalation: through the nose or mouth Ex, Fumes or vapours breathed in Ingestion: Through the mouth. Ex. Materials accidentally eaten or drunk Absorption: Through the skin. Ex. Solvents used to wash hands Injection: Direct penetration of the skin. Ex: Needles and slivers

Question 33

WHMIS SYMBOLS:

Answer 33

SYMBOLS → Compressed gas *Flammable Material Oxidizing *Explosion Hazard *Corrosive Health Hazard *Harmful or Fatal (Toxic/Poison) Harmful Harmful to the environment Biohazardous Infectious Materials

Question 34

Lice life cycle description:

Answer 34

They start off as nits (eggs). They are left as an empty shell once the lice hatches. They grow and continue to feed on the head. They reproduce and die (about 20 days). *Females reproduce for around 2 weeks and lay at least 10 eggs a day*