Unit 1: 1.3 - 1.4 Specialised Cells and Tissues Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the main function of palisade mesophyll cells in plants?
To absorb light for photosynthesis using numerous chloroplasts.
How do root hair cells aid in water absorption?
They increase surface area and have a lower water potential than surrounding soil to draw in water.
What is the function of xylem vessels in plants?
To transport water and provide structural support.
What is the function of phloem vessels in plants?
To transport organic substances like sugars throughout the plant.
What is the role of the acrosome in a sperm cell?
It contains enzymes to digest the egg’s outer protective layer during fertilisation.
Why do erythrocytes lack a nucleus?
To maximize space for haemoglobin and oxygen transport.
What is the function of neutrophils?
They are phagocytic white blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens.
What do lymphocytes do in the immune system?
B cells produce antibodies; T cells destroy infected or cancerous cells.
What is the role of thrombocytes (platelets)?
To control blood clotting and aid in wound healing.
How do neurones transmit signals?
Through electrical impulses along axons and across synapses.
What is the structure of squamous epithelial tissue?
A thin, flat, one-cell-thick layer ideal for rapid diffusion.
Where is squamous epithelial tissue found?
In alveoli of the lungs, aiding gas exchange.
What is the function of ciliated columnar epithelial tissue?
To move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
What do goblet cells do?
Secrete mucus to trap dust and microbes in the respiratory tract.
What is the role of endothelial tissue?
To line blood vessels and allow efficient diffusion of substances.
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
To insulate axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission.
What happens at a synapse?
Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to transmit signals between neurones.
What is the role of Schwann cells?
They produce the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system.
What is another name for an erythrocyte?
Red Blood Cell
