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Ap Psych > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

Psychology is deprived from physiology and philosophy

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

the idea that the mind was made up of the sum of its parts.

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

psychological philosophy that describes the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments.

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4
Q

Psychodynamic Approach

A

How behavior springs from
unconscious drives and conflicts

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5
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

How we learn observable
responses

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6
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

Free will, choice, ideal, actualization

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7
Q

Cognitive Approach

A

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

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8
Q

Evolutionary Approach

A

Uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors

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9
Q

Biological Approach

A

believes behavior to be a consequence of our genetics and physiology

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10
Q

Sociocultural Approach

A

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

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11
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

considers the influences
of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors

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12
Q

Natural Selection

A

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

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13
Q

Mary Calkins

A

first female president of APA

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14
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

first women to earn a PhD in American psychology

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15
Q

Charles Darwin

A

known for his contributions to Natural Selection & Evolution

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16
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

reformed mental institutions in U.S.

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17
Q

Stanley Hall

A

first president of APA 1st jornal

18
Q

William James

A

father of American Psychology - functionalist

19
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

father of Modern Psychology - structuralist

20
Q

Basic Research

A

purpose is to increase scientific knowledge

21
Q

Applied Research

A

purpose to help people

22
Q

Psychologist

A

research or counseling

23
Q

Psychiatrist

A

prescribe medications and diagnose

24
Q

Advantage in Experiments

A

researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect

25
Q

Disadvantage in Experiments

A

difficult to generalize

26
Q

Independent Variable

A

the independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study

27
Q

Dependent Variable

A

the dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable

28
Q

Experimental Group

A

the group that receives the variable being tested in an experiment

29
Q

Control Group

A

the group in an experiment that does not receive the variable you are testing

30
Q

Placebo Effect

A

show behaviors associated with the experimental group when having received placebo

31
Q

Double-Blind

A

neither the patients nor the researchers/doctors know which study group the patients are in

32
Q

Single-Blind

A

patients do not know which study group they are in (for example whether they are taking the experimental drug or a placebo)

33
Q

Operational Definition

A

a term that is used to describe the procedure of a study and the research variables

34
Q

Random Assignment

A

a procedure used in experiments to create multiple study groups that include participants with similar characteristics so that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study

35
Q

Random Sample

A

method for choosing participants for your study

36
Q

Representative Sample

A

Sample mimics the general population

37
Q

Adv & Disadv of Correlation

A

Adv: able to identify relationship between two variables
Disadv: No cause and effect

38
Q

Positive Correlation

A

variables increase and decrease together

39
Q

Negative Correlation

A

as once variable increases the other decreases

40
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

belief of correlation that doesn’t exist

41
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control
the situation

42
Q

Case Study

A

an in-depth investigation of a single individual, family, event, or other entity
(for example, to understand an individual’s background, relationships, and behavior)

Ap Psych (5 decks)

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