Unit 1

Question 1

What is Psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is deprived from physiology and philosophy

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

the idea that the mind was made up of the sum of its parts.

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

psychological philosophy that describes the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments.

Question 4

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 4

How behavior springs from
unconscious drives and conflicts

Question 5

Behavioral Approach

Answer 5

How we learn observable
responses

Question 6

Humanistic Approach

Answer 6

Free will, choice, ideal, actualization

Question 7

Cognitive Approach

Answer 7

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Question 8

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 8

Uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors

Question 9

Biological Approach

Answer 9

believes behavior to be a consequence of our genetics and physiology

Question 10

Sociocultural Approach

Answer 10

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Question 11

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 11

considers the influences
of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors

Question 12

Natural Selection

Answer 12

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

Question 13

Mary Calkins

Answer 13

first female president of APA

Question 14

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 14

first women to earn a PhD in American psychology

Question 15

Charles Darwin

Answer 15

known for his contributions to Natural Selection & Evolution

Question 16

Dorothea Dix

Answer 16

reformed mental institutions in U.S.

Question 17

Stanley Hall

Answer 17

first president of APA 1st jornal

Question 18

William James

Answer 18

father of American Psychology - functionalist

Question 19

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 19

father of Modern Psychology - structuralist

Question 20

Basic Research

Answer 20

purpose is to increase scientific knowledge

Question 21

Applied Research

Answer 21

purpose to help people

Question 22

Psychologist

Answer 22

research or counseling

Question 23

Psychiatrist

Answer 23

prescribe medications and diagnose

Question 24

Advantage in Experiments

Answer 24

researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect

Question 25

Disadvantage in Experiments

Answer 25

difficult to generalize

Question 26

Independent Variable

Answer 26

the independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study

Question 27

Dependent Variable

Answer 27

the dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable

Question 28

Experimental Group

Answer 28

the group that receives the variable being tested in an experiment

Question 29

Control Group

Answer 29

the group in an experiment that does not receive the variable you are testing

Question 30

Placebo Effect

Answer 30

show behaviors associated with the experimental group when having received placebo

Question 31

Double-Blind

Answer 31

neither the patients nor the researchers/doctors know which study group the patients are in

Question 32

Single-Blind

Answer 32

patients do not know which study group they are in (for example whether they are taking the experimental drug or a placebo)

Question 33

Operational Definition

Answer 33

a term that is used to describe the procedure of a study and the research variables

Question 34

Random Assignment

Answer 34

a procedure used in experiments to create multiple study groups that include participants with similar characteristics so that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study

Question 35

Random Sample

Answer 35

method for choosing participants for your study

Question 36

Representative Sample

Answer 36

Sample mimics the general population

Question 37

Adv & Disadv of Correlation

Answer 37

Adv: able to identify relationship between two variables Disadv: No cause and effect

Question 38

Positive Correlation

Answer 38

variables increase and decrease together

Question 39

Negative Correlation

Answer 39

as once variable increases the other decreases

Question 40

Illusory Correlation

Answer 40

belief of correlation that doesn't exist

Question 41

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 41

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 42

Case Study

Answer 42

an in-depth investigation of a single individual, family, event, or other entity (for example, to understand an individual's background, relationships, and behavior)