Unit 1

Question 1

Proton (charge, mass[Dal], location)

Answer 1

+1, 1, center of nucleus

Question 2

Neutron (charge, mass[Dal], location)

Answer 2

Neutral, 1, center of nucleus

Question 3

Electron (charge, mass[Dal], location)

Answer 3

-1, 1/2000, cloud

Question 4

Electron function

Answer 4

Determines charge
Critical for bonding other atoms

Question 5

Ion?

Answer 5

Charged particles

Question 6

Anion?

Answer 6

Negatively charged particle

Question 7

Cation?

Answer 7

Positively charged particle

Question 8

Isotopes?

Answer 8

Atoms with same element but different mass number and neutron number

Question 9

Neutron function

Answer 9

Determines mass

Question 10

Proton function

Answer 10

Determines mass and atomic number

Question 11

Mole?

Answer 11

How many protons it takes to make 1 gram of mass

Question 12

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 12

Have unstable nuclei

Question 13

Radioactive decay

Answer 13

Emission of particles on energy from an unstable atomic nucleus

Question 14

Alpha particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z

Answer 14

Helium atom
High mass
(A= -4) (Z= -2)
Low velocity

Question 15

Beta particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z

Answer 15

Electron
Low mass
High velocity
(A= 0) (Z= 1)

Question 16

Gamma particles?
Mass
Velocity
A & Z

Answer 16

Photon/Wave
No mass
Very high velocity
(A=0) (Z=0)

Question 17

Radioactive properties?
Half-life properties?

Answer 17

1. Highly toxic
2. Constant/regular decay called half-life
3. Easily detected
4. React chemically

Question 18

Shielding?

Answer 18

Putting a barrier between you and the source of reaction

Question 19

Alpha shielding?

Answer 19

Clothes

Question 20

Beta shielding?

Answer 20

Plexiglas

Question 21

Gamma shielding

Answer 21

Lead

Question 22

What is the name of the pattern half-life creates?

Answer 22

Logarithmic decay

Question 23

Half-life formulae

Answer 23

N (Amount of radioactivity after Time)
No (Original radioactivity)
T= Time
T1/2= Half-life
N=Noe^-(0.693T/<T1/2>)

Question 24

Excited _____ moves to _____ state and _____ energy

Answer 24

Electrons
Ground
Release

Question 25

What is wave-particle duality? Examples.

Answer 25

Having both particles and wave. Eg. Light and electrons

Question 26

Octet and duplet rule

Answer 26

Atoms behave in a way to complete an octet of 8 electrons in the valence shell of Bohr’s model

Question 27

Electromagnetic waves?

Answer 27

Energy composed of properties of waves of electrical & magnetic fields

Question 28

As wavelength ____, _____ decreases

Answer 28

Wavelength, energy

Question 29

Properties of radioactive elements

Answer 29

Treat skin disease For experiments Make lasers

Question 30

Applications of radioactivity

Answer 30

Surgery Research Dentistries

Question 31

Radioactive dating

Answer 31

Half-life

Question 32

What is Lewis dot structure

Answer 32

Dots according to the number of valence electrons

Question 33

Two ways Nobel gases can achieve an octet

Answer 33

Losing electrons Gaining electrons

Question 34

Electromotive forces?

Answer 34

Keeps two atoms together

Question 35

Geometries and properties of double bonds

Answer 35

Can’t be rotated Linear shape

Question 36

Geometries and properties of single bonds

Answer 36

Can be rotated Tetrahedral shape

Question 37

What is electronegativity

Answer 37

Atoms pulling elements to itself

Question 38

Electronegative trend

Answer 38

Down the group, decreases Across a period, increases

Question 39

Partial charge?

Answer 39

Element not fully positive nor negative

Question 40

When partial charges occurs?

Answer 40

Polar covalent binding

Question 41

When partial charge occurs?

Answer 41

One electron more electronegative and pulls electrons closer to itself

Question 42

Polar covalent bonds?

Answer 42

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 43

Non-polar covalent bonds?

Answer 43

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 44

Electronegative for non-polar bonds is up to ___, for polar is ___, and for ionic is ___

Answer 44

0.4, 1.7, 3.4

Question 45

Le Chatlier’s Principle

Answer 45

When a reaction changes due to concentration, temperature, and pressure, the reaction would shift to obtain equilibrium

Question 46

Equilibrium constant formula

Answer 46

K= [Product]/[Reactant]

Question 47

If equilibrium constant =1, then it’s at?

Answer 47

Equilibrium position

Question 48

What keeps atoms together in a salt

Answer 48

Electromotive force