Unit 1

Question 1

Anatomy is…

Answer 1

The study of structure and shape of the body and it’s parts

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

Large structures that are easily observable

Question 3

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

Structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye, structures can only be viewed with a microscope

Question 4

Physiology is…

Answer 4

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

Question 5

Relationship between anatomy and physiology

Answer 5

Structure determines what functions occur, if the structure changes the function must also change

Question 6

Seven Levels of Structural Organization

Answer 6

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Cells
4. Tissues
5. Organs
6. Organ Systems
7. Organism

Question 7

Homeostasis is…

Answer 7

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 8

Homeostasis is necessary for…

Answer 8

Normal body functioning and to sustain life, body temp, pH, ion levels, fluid volume and pressure, oxygen, concentration, heat, etc…

Question 9

Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 9

A disturbance in homeostasis results in disease

Question 10

The body communicates through…

Answer 10

Neural and hormonal control systems

Question 11

Receptor

Answer 11

Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)

Question 12

Receptor (info)

Answer 12

Sends information to the control center along an afferent pathway

Question 13

Receptor Diagram

Answer 13

Receptor —> Control Center
(Afferent pathway)

Question 14

Control Center

Answer 14

Determines set point, analyzes information, determines and appropriate response

Question 15

Effector

Answer 15

Provides a means for response to the stimulus

Question 16

Effector (info)

Answer 16

Information flows from control center to effector along efferent pathway

Question 17

Effector Diagram

Answer 17

Control Center —> Effector (receptor) (Efferent pathway)

Question 18

Negative Feedback

Answer 18

Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms, shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity, and works like a thermostat

Question 19

Positive Feedback

Answer 19

Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther, reaction occurs at a faster rate, and positive feedback occurs in blood clotting and during childbirth

Question 20

Anatomical Position

Answer 20

Stand erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward

Question 21

Supine

Answer 21

Body faces upwards

Question 22

Prone

Answer 22

Body faces downwards

Question 23

Superior

Answer 23

Toward the head or upper part of a structure of the body

Question 24

Inferior

Answer 24

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure or the body

Question 25

Anterior (Ventral)

Answer 25

Toward or at the front of the body

Question 26

Posterior

Answer 26

Toward or at the back of the body

Question 27

Medial

Answer 27

Toward or at the mid-line of the body

Question 28

Lateral

Answer 28

Away from the mid-line of the body.

Question 29

Proximal

Answer 29

(Extremities) Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

Question 30

Distal

Answer 30

(Extremities) Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 31

Left and Right

Answer 31

As it pertains to the actual person

Question 32

Superficial

Answer 32

Toward or at the body surface (external)

Question 33

Deep

Answer 33

Away from the body, more internal (internal)

Question 34

Sagital (Medial)

Answer 34

Section divides the body (or organ) into right and left parts

Question 35

Frontal

Answer 35

Section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts

Question 36

Transverse

Answer 36

Section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

Question 37

Dorsal (Posterior) Body Cavity

Answer 37

Cranial cavity (houses the brain, protected by the skull) and spinal cavity (houses the spinal cord, protected by the vertebrae)

Question 38

Ventral (Anterior) Body Cavity

Answer 38

(Two subdivisions separated by the diaphragm) Thoracic cavity and abdominal-pelvic cavity

Question 39

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 39

Cavity superior to the diaphragm

Question 40

Pleural

Answer 40

Houses lungs and other organs

Question 41

Mediastinum

Answer 41

Houses heart, trachea, and other organs

Question 42

Abdominal-pelvic Cavity

Answer 42

Cavity inferior to the diaphragm

Question 43

Abdominal (Superior)

Answer 43

Cavity contains the stomach, liver, and other organs

Question 44

Pelvic (Inferior)

Answer 44

Cavity contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

Question 45

Abdominal Pelvic Subdivisions

Answer 45

Top to bottom: Right and left hypochondriac region, right and left lumbar region, and right and left illiac (inguinal) region Middle top to bottom: epigastric region, umbillical region, hypogastric region