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Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

American political culture

A

Set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that Americans share

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2
Q

political issues

A

Issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it

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3
Q

politics

A

Process of influencing actions and policy of a government

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4
Q

government

A

institutions that make up a system of policymaking w/in a country

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5
Q

democracy

A

political system; supreme power lies in the people

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6
Q

natural rights

A

idea; all humans have God given rights

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7
Q

inalienable rights

A

idea; all humans have rights the government can’t take away

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8
Q

social contract

A

agreement between the people and their gov signifying their consent to be governed

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9
Q

policy agenda

A

issues on the political sphere

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10
Q

public policy

A

laws

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11
Q

popular sovereignty

A

idea; political authority belongs to the people

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12
Q

republicanism

A

form of government; representatives are elected by the people to make decisions in gov

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13
Q

liberty

A

freedom of choice

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14
Q

participatory gov

A

theory in democracy; citizens should actively/directly control all aspects of their lives through government

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15
Q

civil society groups

A

independent associations outside the gov’s control

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16
Q

pluralist theory

A

theory; groups of people advance policymaking by trying to advance their goals

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17
Q

elitist theory

A

theory; power is disproportionately given to the other class

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18
Q

hyperpluralism

A

theory; too many groups fighting against each other creates gridlock
political institutions

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19
Q

political institutions

A

structures of a political system that carry out the work of governing

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20
Q

constitutional republic

A

form of gov; people elect representatives to uphold a foundational doc

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21
Q

constitution

A

foundational document; written plan of government

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22
Q

republic

A

form of government; in which citizens choose their representative by voting

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23
Q

articles of confederation

A

first constitution in the US; highlighted need for a stronger central gov

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24
Q

unicameral

A

one house legislature

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25
bicameral
two house legislature
26
Shay's rebellion
1786-1787; Daniel Shays led a rebellion in Massachusetts protesting mortgage foreclosures; highlighted the need for a strong central gov
27
constitutional convention
convention of delegates to change the Articles of Confederation
28
Virginia Plan
plan Madison proposed; bicameral, w/ representation based on population; 3 branches w/ lower house directly voted by the people
29
New Jersey Plan
plan Patterson proposed; unicameral, w/ representation based on equality; just a legislature w/ members appointed by states
30
Great Compromise
compromise; Representation in Congress; bicameral, w/ one having equal number of representatives for each state and one proportionate to size
31
3/5ths Compromise
compromise; Whether or not to include slaves in population; for the number of slaves in a state, add 3/5ths of that counted in population
32
separation of powers
division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of gov
33
checks and balances
system that allows each branch of gov to limit the powers of the other branches to prevent abuse of power
34
3 branches of gov
executive, judicial, and legislative
35
supremacy clause
clause; gives Constitution and fed gov ultimate decision-making power
36
amendment
change to the Constitution
37
federalists
early Democrats; wanted a larger fed gov; wanted Constitution
38
anti-federalists
early Republicans; wanted small fed gov; didn't want the Constitution
39
federalist papers
foundational doc; argues for the Constitution; written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
40
Fed 10
foundational doc; Madison argues the danger of factions
41
Fed 51
foundational doc; argues the viability of a republic
42
Brutus 1
foundational doc; anti-federalist paper- argues against the Constitution; republican gov too large and Constitution gives the fed gov too much power
43
faction
political group that tries to further their own interests
44
unitary system
type of gov; very strong central gov, power held by one person or a small group of people
45
federal system
type of gov; shared power between fed gov and the states
46
confederacy
type of gov; very weak central gov, only has a legislative branch
47
expressed/enumerated powers
powers granted to the fed gov explicitly mentioned in the Constitution
48
exclusive powers
power granted to the fed gov only- not to the states
49
implied powers
power granted to the fed gov not explicitly mentioned in the constitution; elastic clause permits
50
inherent powers
power necessary to carry out fed sovereignty, such as expanding territory
51
commerce clause
clause; gives the fed gov power to regulate interstate trade
52
necessary and proper clause
clause; gives the fed gov power to pass laws that are inherent to being a government
53
10th amendment
foundational doc; reserved powers; gives any other power not explicitly to the fed gov to the states
54
reserved powers
power that is reserved for the states
55
concurrent powers
power that both fed gov and states have
56
full faith and credit clause
clause; states must recognize specific laws from other states such as licenses and marriage
57
extradition
states must return a defendant to the state in which the crime was committed
58
privileges and immunities clause
clause; states must not discriminate against visitors from other states
59
dual federalism
layer cake; fed and state gov roles clearly defined; state has more power
60
cooperative federalism
marble cake; fed and state gov roles are mixed, hard to tell where one ends and the other begins; fed has more power
61
grants in aid
manner in which the fed gov gives out money
62
fiscal federalism
pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the fed system; cornerstone of gov relations w/ states
63
block grants
federal grant; given more or less automatically to states/communities to support broad programs; ex. community development/social services
64
categorical grants
federal grant; given to the states to be used for very specific programs; usually have strings attached
65
formula grants
categorical grant; given out according to a formula
66
project grants
categorical grant; awarded by merits of applicants for specific purposes; ex. National Science Foundation
67
mandates
orders from the fed gov to the states that they must complete
68
unfunded mandates
orders from the fed gov to the states that they must complete without federal funding
69
cross cutting requirements
using federal dollars in one program to influence state policy in another
70
crossover requirements
condition on one federal grant extended to all activities supported by federal funds; the same program affects itself
71
devolution
returning power to the states
72
Marbury v. Madison
foundational court case;

AP Gov (5 decks)

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