UNIT 1 Flashcards

Question

What is Communication Tool?

Answer 1

A communication tool is a device that transmits a communication message to a receiving device. These messages can either be encrypted in order to maintain security for big businesses.

Answer 2

There are three types of communication tools Simplex– this is when a user only wants to present or share information and not receive replies Half Duplex: Two way – the user and share information as well as receive responses from others. Refers to the transmission of data in just one direction at a time. For example, a walkie-talkie Duplex– More than two ways

Answer 3

Describes the type of physical system used to carry a communication signal from one system to another. Examples of transmission media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.

Answer 4

1. Twisted Pair – This is a convenient and cheap method of connecting computers and peripherals in a network. It is normally used for home networking or on small sites where distances between devices are small and there is no great need for speed. 2. Coaxial Cable- More expensive than twisted pair and is used to transmit voice, video and data. It is ideal for a medium sized network and for cable TV. They use thickly insulated copper wire and are capable of high-speed transmission. 3. Fibre-Optic Cable- Fibre-optic cables can transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted-pair cables. They can also carry information at vastly greater speeds and this makes services such as video conferencing possible.

Answer 5

1. Infrared transmission- This type operates by using an infrared light beam to carry the data between devices.

Answer 6

2. Microwaves – These are radio waves which provide high speed transmission of analogue and digital signals. They are limited to line-of-sight (straight line - no obstructions)

Answer 7

It's the route that data takes between two points in a network. This route can be the actual cables, the signal traveling through them, or a specific part of the signal's frequency. The channel is the medium that carries the message. The channel might be wires, the air or space in the case of radio and television transmissions, or fibre-optic cable

Answer 8

In the communication process, the receiver is the listener, reader, or observer--that is, the individual (or the group of individuals) to whom a message is directed. Another name for receiver is audience or decoder.

Answer 9

Modulation is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal.

Answer 10

Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be transferred between devices or over the internet in a given amount of time.

Answer 11

Root Cause Analysis is a systematic process used to identify the underlying causes of a problem. It helps in digging deeper beyond the obvious symptoms and understanding the fundamental reasons contributing to the issue.

Answer 12

Telecommuting is working remotely, while teleconferencing is a conversation between two or more people over a connection. Videoconferencing is a specific type of teleconferencing that uses video and sound

Answer 13

SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization or a situation, as well as the external opportunities and threats it faces.

Answer 14

Mind mapping is a visual representation technique that organizes information around a central concept or problem. It helps in brainstorming ideas, exploring different facets of the problem, and establishing relationships between various elements.

Answer 15

Data Hardware Software Users Procedures Network

Answer 16

CLI (Command Line Interface) MDI (Menu Driven Interface) GUI (Graphic User Interface) NLI (Natural Language Interface)

Answer 17

Input Process Output Storage Feedback

Answer 18

Operation Management System Management information systems Transaction information systems

Answer 19

Information processing refers to the collection, processing and dissemination of data

Answer 20

share online, just basically sharing

Answer 21

radio, television, cable satellite, computer, telephone, Fax machines, and Internet, Blogs, Message Boards

Answer 22

Expert users (meaning with extended experience in the application) expects advance features and capabilities. They will want more customization options. Novice users, on the other hand, are new to the system and will need a simple and basic interface. Since they are new in the system they will expect more secure ways of doing things in the system An end user is the person that a software program or hardware device is designed for. The term is based on the idea that the "end goal" of a software or hardware product is to be useful to the consumer.

Answer 23

LAN (Local AREA network) MAN (Metropolitan area network) WAN (Wide are network) PAN (Personal Area Network) VPN (Virtual private network)

Answer 24

Wired Personal Area Network: Created by using a USB Wireless Personal Area Network: Basically bluetooth, wifi yh. Low range.

Answer 25

Wireless fidelity

Answer 26

Internetworking is the process or technique of connecting different networks by using intermediary devices such as routers or gateway devices.

Answer 27

An extranet is a private network that enterprises use to provide trusted third parties -- such as suppliers, vendors, partners, customers and other businesses -- secure, controlled access to business information or operations. Intranet: An intranet is a private network based on the internet protocol such as Transmission Control protocol and internet protocol. The main aim of the intranet is to share the information and resources among the organization employees.

Answer 28

Transmission Control Protocol, Internet Protocol

Answer 29

1) Physical Layer : - the physical layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data between systems. - the physical layer ensures that data packets are correctly transmitted over a physical medium, such as a cable. 2) Data Link Layer: - the data link is responsible for packing data frames and handling their transfer between two nodes. - this layer is also known as layer two in the osi model. - it is responsible for error detection and correction ensuring data frames are not corrupt during transmission. 3) Network Layer : - the network of the icp/ip model is responsible for routine packets to their destination. - it handles addressing ensuring that each packet is sent to the correct system. 4) Transport Layer : - this layer is responsible for providing reliable end to end communication between two systems. - it handles flow control ensuring that data packets are sent at a reasonable rate and not dropped during transmission. 5) Application Layer - the application layer is responsible for providing services and applications that use the underlined protocol for communication. - this includes : email, web browsing, file transfer, streaming media and more.

Answer 30

Ipconfig is a command-line utility that displays and manages a computer's network configuration values.

Answer 31

ping is a command-line program that allows network administrators to test the availability of devices on a network, and to identify latency and connectivity issues.

Answer 32

"name server lookup", is a command-line tool that queries the Domain Name System (DNS) to get mapping between IP addresses and domain names, or other DNS records.

Answer 33

A firewall is a security device that acts as an intermediary between a network and outside traffic. It monitors for attempts to access the operating system and blocks unwanted incoming traffic and unrecognized sources.

Answer 34

Firewall configuration involves configuring domain names and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and completing several other actions to keep firewalls secure.

Answer 35

An IP address, or Internet Protocol address, is a unique number that identifies a device on the internet or a local network.

Answer 36

It's a vital part of the web's infrastructure, acting as the internet's phone book by turning domain names into IP addresses, which browsers use to load internet pages.

Answer 37

a gateway is a hardware device or software that connects two or more networks with different transmission protocols. Gateways act as an entry and exit point for a network

Answer 38

Physical connection means any connection between electronic information systems or components implemented using physical means, including through electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces, wires or radio waves

Answer 39

passwords, biometric, keycards, encryption

Answer 40

Data security is the process of protecting digital information from unauthorized access, theft, or corruption throughout its life cycle.

Answer 41

A password is a secret combination of letters, numbers, or special characters that identifies a user and grants access to a website or device.

Answer 42

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or process.

Answer 43

Encryption is a data security process that scrambles data into a secret code that can only be unlocked with a unique digital key.

Answer 44

Data corruption occurs when computer data is unintentionally changed during writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing

Answer 45

The World Wide Web (WWW), also known as the web or w3, is a hypertext-based information system that allows users to access public websites and pages through the internet.

Answer 46

A web page is a single document that is displayed in a web browser, while a website is a collection of web pages that are linked together

Answer 47

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules that govern the transfer of files over the web. It's the foundation of the World Wide Web, and is used to load web pages using hypertext links.

Answer 48

A Universal Resource Locator (URL), also known as a web address, is a unique identifier that tells a web browser how and where to find a resource on the internet.

Answer 49

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language that web browsers use to display web pages. It's a series of codes or markup symbols that are inserted into a file to tell the browser how to display the page's words and images.

Answer 50

XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and transporting data.

Answer 51

Domain Name Resolution (DNS) is the process of converting a domain name into an IP address. This process is essential for the internet to function and allows users to access websites and other services

Answer 52

including define the problem, analyse the problem, identify and evaluate possible solutions, select and justify the optimal solution, implement, and evaluate and review.

Answer 53

Your problem definition transforms your topic into a scientific problem that you will investigate and analyze.

Answer 54

Essential: Essential information is crucial for grasping the key elements of a problem and devising solutions that align with the set goals and objectives. without this vital information may not adequately address the problem at hand. eg: For a healthcare problem, essential information could include accurate medical history, diagnosis reports, and recommended treatment plans. Desirable info: Desirable information enhances the quality and effectiveness of the solution but might not be absolutely necessary for basic problem resolution. It can help in optimizing the solution, making it more efficient or sustainable in the long run. eg: a business context, desirable information could be market trends, customer preferences Extraneous info: Extraneous information is irrelevant to the problem at hand and does not contribute to finding a solution. Can lead to confusion, distraction, and inefficient use of resources. eg: When addressing a technical issue in a software application, information about unrelated software features would be considered extraneous. Cosmetic: refers to details that are superficial and do not significantly impact the core functionality or resolution of the problem. eg: In graphic design, the choice of color scheme and font style can be cosmetic aspects, whereas the layout and content arrangement are essential

Answer 55

Stages involved in the SDLC 1. Feasibility study; where you access the problem 2. Analysis; evaluate the system looking at deficiencies of the system and trying to figure out how best to solve it. 3. Plan and requirements; the new system requirements are defined by looking at the; a) features, b) functions, and c) capabilities 4. Design; the proposed system is designed by laying out the physical construction, hardware, operating system, programming, communication and security issues. 5. Development; the new system is developed. The new components and programs must be obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use. 6. Testing; all aspects of performance must be tested. If necessary, adjustments must be made at this stage. Test performed by quality assurance team may include system integration and system testing. 7. Deployment; the system is incorporated in production environment. This can be done in various ways. The new system can be phased in according to applications or locations, and the old system is gradually replaced. In some cases, it may be more cost effective to shut down the old system and implement the new one all at once. 8. Upkeep and maintenance; ie repairs, updates,

Answer 56

The waterfall model refers to a structured approach to software development. It involves a sequential flow of phases, where each phase is completed before moving on to the next. DISADVANTAGE: The waterfall model doesn’t support making changes. 2. It can invalidate the work you’ve previously accomplished. 3. This method excludes end-users and clients. ADVANTAGES Each stage of the waterfall model are properly defined. The waterfall model commits to end goal/ product from the beginning. Delays testing until after completion.

Answer 57

Agile is a type of software development method that anticipates the need for flexibility and applies a level of pragmatism to the delivery of the finished produc it allows: Allows team members to respond quickly to changes in the workplace. Agile methodologies involve systematically managing projects and developing software in an iterative fashion. Advantages: Improved quality Small iterations allow for easier testing and maintenance, which results in fewer errors. Allows customers to interact and work with functioning software. Flexibility Agile methodology is flexible and open to changes, so economic shifts won't have a drastic impact on a business. Disadvantages: There is a lack of emphasis on necessary designing and documentation. The project can easily get taken off track if the customer representative is not clear what final outcome that they want. High dependency on customer interaction

Answer 58

The iterative model is a software development approach that breaks down projects into smaller, manageable chunks called iterations.

Answer 59

DFD stands for Data Flow Diagram, which is a visual representation of the flow of data through a system.

Answer 60

a general solution to the problem in a finite number of steps, clearly defined and unambiguous, flow of control from one process to another.

Answer 61

flowcharts and pseudocode.

Answer 62

people, books, journals, catalogues, magazines, newspapers, libraries, CD-ROMs, DVDs, electronic databases, web sites, blogs, wikis, social media.

Answer 63

availability, cost, currency of information, amount of detail (depth), breadth of coverage, reliability, format and medium.

Answer 64

bias, accuracy, cultural context, completeness, currency of information, refereed and un-refereed sources, characteristics of information on the Internet.bias, accuracy, cultural context, completeness, currency of information, refereed and un-refereed sources, characteristics of information on the Internet.

Answer 65

The open systems interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual model created by the International Organization for Standardization. the OSI provides a standard for different computer systems to be able to communicate with each other.

Answer 66

ASCII, (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Answer 67

An expert system is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization that has expertise and experience in a particular field

UNIT 1 Flashcards

yh (92 cards)