Unit 1

Question 1

Types of advanced contact lenses

Answer 1

-high astigmatism toric
-high powered plus or minus
-multifocal
-extended wear
-cosmetic tint
-costume, theatrical and prosthetic
-RGP, sclera, hybrid
-myopia control and ortho k

Question 2

when were glass contact lenses made and how they feel and who created it?

Answer 2

• late 1880s
  -Adolf gaston eugene fick
  -low comfort and high rates of hypoxia due to lack of oxygen

Question 3

What did Dr Feinbloom introduce

Answer 3

Patented plastic lenses in 1936
PMMA introduced later that year (greater comfort but still had issues w/ hypoxis)

Question 4

PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) when were they made and by who?

Answer 4

-designed in 1948 by kevin tuohy
-New plastics after the war
-Plexiglass
-Single curve design
-11.00mm diameter
Change to a bicurve in the 1950s

Question 5

PMMA corneal lens ADVANTAGES

Answer 5

Durable
Good wettability
Good optical clarity
Can be sterilized

Question 6

PMMA disadvantages

Answer 6

low oxygen transmission

Question 7

When was silicone rubber developed?

Answer 7

1965

Question 8

Advantages of silicone rubber

Answer 8

1000x more oxygen transmission than PMMA
can be moulded

Question 9

disadvantage of Silicone rubber

Answer 9

hydrophobic
elastictiy can grab cornea
disrupts tear layer

Question 10

What is silicone rubber used for

Answer 10

babies with congenital cataracts

Question 11

When was RGP lenses developed

Answer 11

1974

Question 12

RGP material : Silicone acrylate when was in developed

Answer 12

1970s

Question 13

RGP lens materials?

Answer 13

-Silicone acrylate
-Siloxy-methacrylate monomsers
-Flourocarobs

Question 14

Menicon O2

Answer 14

first RGP lens
Launnched in Japan in 1979

Question 15

Polycon lens

Answer 15

“hard” lens launched in 1980 in USA
-Not an RGP lens because it was not oxygen permeable

Question 16

excel 02

Answer 16

rgp with improved wetability in britian in 1980s

Question 17

boston II matieral

Answer 17

-available in 1982 in USA
-future generations still used today

Question 18

tinted RGPS

Answer 18

available in 1983 - only handling tint - did not change eye colour

Question 19

extended wear RGPS

Answer 19

menicon EX

Question 20

menicon EX

Answer 20

launched in 1986 in Japan
5x more oxygen permeable than menicon O2

Question 21

Flurosilicates

Answer 21

increased oxygen permeability and strength in 1990s
menicon super EX

Question 22

bicurve

Answer 22

2 radius of curvature on back side of lens
-can be used with smaller diameter lenses
-central radius and flatter peripheral curve

Question 23

tricurve

Answer 23

3 radius of curvatures
-most commonly used design
-central radius and 2 or more periphral curves

Question 24

tetracurve

Answer 24

4 radius of curvature on the back of the lens
-can be used with larger diameter lenses

Question 25

multicurve

Answer 25

multiple back surface curves

Question 26

fenestration

Answer 26

small hole -prevent lens adherence -increase tear movement -increase oxygen transmisibilty

Question 27

william feinbloom

Answer 27

bifocal sclearal lens patent in 1936

Question 28

john de carle

Answer 28

-corneal bifocal contact lens in 1957 -2 curves ground on the posterior surface -small centre distance ; surrounding near power -Simultaenous vision (most comonly lens design now)

Question 29

constant axial edge left (CAEL)

Answer 29

-same peripheral edge lift regardless of central curve

Question 30

poor candidate for RGP

Answer 30

lenticular astig px that are happy w soft pxs with very loose upper eyelids -dusty work enviroment

Question 31

piggyback lenses when did it come out and what is it

Answer 31

1970s -soft CL under an RGP lens

Question 32

advantages of piggyback lenses

Answer 32

improved comfort

Question 33

disadvantages of piggyback lenses

Answer 33

2 lenses to manage/ care for lack of oxygen to cornea due to two lenses

Question 34

saturn II - when did it come out

Answer 34

1977

Question 35

what is saturn II lens

Answer 35

GP lens woven to a soft material Low Dk materials and very few fitting paramenters

Question 36

when did softperm come out

Answer 36

1989

Question 37

what is softperm

Answer 37

more parameters low Dk, tight lenses, flexure of GP portion, lens seperation at junctions

Question 38

synergeyes - when did it come out

Answer 38

early 2000

Question 39

what is synergeyes

Answer 39

hyperbond - prevented separation improved wetability

Question 40

synergeyes A

Answer 40

astigmatism / mild kerataconus

Question 41

synergeyes KC

Answer 41

kerataconus

Question 42

synergeyes PS

Answer 42

penetrating keratoplasty

Question 43

what is clearkone for

Answer 43

kerataconous

Question 44

what is duette for

Answer 44

general myopia/hyperopia/astigmatism

Question 45

what is ultrahealth for

Answer 45

kerataconous

Question 46

what does duette progressive do

Answer 46

presbyopia

Question 47

what is synergeyes ID for

Answer 47

SV and MF custom designed

Question 48

candidates for hybrid lenses

Answer 48

1. vision fluctuation 2. pxs like the vision with GP lens but want better comfort 3. require a MF lens but vision is not adequate with a soft contact lens 4. pxs with irregular corneas 5. pxs need to correct both astig and presbyopia

Question 49

poor candidate for hybrid

Answer 49

1. pxs with extremeley dry eyes (better w. scleral) 2. do not correct for astigmatism that is within the lens (correct cornea astig not lenticular)